Recent investigations of filamentous fungi isolated from coastal areas and historic wooden structures in the Ross Sea and Peninsula regions of Antarctica have identified the genus Cadophora as one of the most abundant fungal groups, comprising more than 30% of culturable fungi at some locations. A methanol extract of Cadophora luteo-olivacea grown on rice media yielded the known polyketides spiciferone A, spiciferol A, dihydrospiciferone A and dihydrospiciferol A. Additionally, nine related hexaketides were identified, including spiciferone F, two isomers of the known fungal bicyclic ketal colomitide B, cadopherones A-D, similin C, and spicifernin B. HPLC and NMR analysis of extracts from other isolates collected in Antarctica suggests that the spiciferones and colomitides are produced by at least two different Cadophora species. Preliminary precursor feeding experiments provided evidence for the biosynthesis of the colomitides from the same polyketide pathway as the spiciferone phytotoxins, possibly via a type III polyketide synthase (PKS). None of the compounds were active in a panel of anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and mammalian cytotoxicity assays.

中文翻译：

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来自与南极洲历史探险小屋相关的 Cadophora 木腐真菌的 Cadopherone 和 colomitide 聚酮化合物

最近对从南极洲罗斯海和半岛地区的沿海地区和历史木结构中分离出来的丝状真菌进行的调查已经确定 Cadophora 属是最丰富的真菌群之一，在某些地方占可培养真菌的 30% 以上。在水稻培养基上生长的 Cadophora luteo-olivacea 的甲醇提取物产生了已知的聚酮类 spiciferone A、spiciferol A、二氢 spiciferone A 和 dihydrospiciferol A。此外，还鉴定了九种相关的六酮化合物，包括 spiciferone F，已知真菌双环缩酮 colomitide B 的两种异构体、cadopherones AD、similin C 和 spicifernin B。从南极洲收集的其他分离物的提取物的 HPLC 和 NMR 分析表明 spiciferones 和 colomitides 是由至少两种不同的 Cadophora 物种产生的。初步的前体喂养实验提供了从与 spiciferone 植物毒素相同的聚酮化合物途径中生物合成 colomitides 的证据，可能通过 III 型聚酮化合物合酶 (PKS)。在一组抗菌、抗真菌和哺乳动物细胞毒性试验中，这些化合物均无活性。