Cigarette craving contributes substantially to the maintenance of tobacco use disorder. Behavioral strategies to regulate craving may facilitate smoking cessation but remain underexplored. We adapted an emotion-regulation strategy, using proximal/distal self-positioning, to the context of cigarette craving to examine craving regulation in 42, daily smokers (18-25 years old). After overnight abstinence from smoking, before and after smoking their first cigarette of the day, participants viewed videos of natural scenes presenting young adults who were either smoking cigarettes ("smoke") or not ("non-smoke"). Before each video, participants were instructed to imagine themselves either immersed in the scene ("close") or distanced from it ("far"). They rated their craving after each video. Task-based fMRI data are presented for a subsample of participants (N = 21). We found main effects of smoking, instruction, and video type on craving-lower ratings after smoking than before, following the "far" vs. "close" instructions, and when viewing non-smoke vs. smoke videos. Before smoking, "smoke" vs. "non-smoke" videos elicited activation in, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, lateral parietal cortex, mid-occipital cortex, ventral striatum, dorsal caudate, and midbrain. Smoking reduced activation in anterior cingulate, left inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral temporal poles. Activation was reduced in the ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex after the "far" vs. the "close" instruction, suggesting less engagement with the stimuli during distancing. The results indicate that proximal/distal regulation strategies impact cue-elicited craving, potentially via downregulation of the ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex, and that smoking during abstinence may increase cognitive control capacity during craving regulation.

中文翻译：

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戒烟期间和吸烟后青少年吸烟者渴望吸烟的行为和神经标志物。

对香烟的渴望在很大程度上有助于维持烟草使用失调。调节渴望的行为策略可能有助于戒烟，但仍未得到充分研究。我们采用近端/远端自我定位来适应情绪调节策略，以适应烟瘾的情况，以研究42名日常吸烟者（18-25岁）的烟瘾调节情况。在戒烟过夜后，在一天中抽烟之前和之后，参与者观看了自然场景的视频，这些视频展示了正在抽烟（“烟”）或未抽烟（“非烟”）的年轻人。在每个视频之前，都要求参与者想象自己是沉浸在场景中（“关闭”）还是与场景保持距离（“远”）。他们对每个视频后的渴望进行了评估。基于任务的功能磁共振成像数据呈现给参与者的子样本（N = 21）。我们发现吸烟，指导和视频类型对吸烟后渴望降低收视率，以及遵循“远距离”与“关闭”指示以及观看非吸烟视频与吸烟视频的主要影响。在吸烟之前，“烟熏”与“非烟熏”视频会引起眶额叶皮层，前扣带回，顶叶外侧皮层，枕中皮层，腹侧纹状体，尾状尾叶和中脑的激活。吸烟减少了前扣带回，左下额回和双侧颞极的激活。在“远”对“近”指示之后，腹侧纹状体和内侧前额叶皮层的激活减少，这表明在疏远过程中与刺激的接触较少。