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Hydrogen-enriched natural gas as a domestic fuel: an analysis based on flash-back and blow-off limits for domestic natural gas appliances within the UK
Sustainable Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2018-02-05 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7se00598a Daniel R. Jones 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Waheed A. Al-Masry 6, 7, 8, 9 , Charles W. Dunnill 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Sustainable Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2018-02-05 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7se00598a Daniel R. Jones 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Waheed A. Al-Masry 6, 7, 8, 9 , Charles W. Dunnill 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Affiliation
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In the effort to reduce carbon emissions from an ever-increasing global population, it has become increasingly vital to monitor and counteract the environmental impact of our domestic energy usage given its contribution to overall carbon emissions. To this end, hydrogen has emerged as a foremost candidate to offset and eventually replace the use of traditional gaseous fossil fuels. Hydrogen as the universal energy carrier or vector is easily produced from all forms of renewable or recovered energy as a storable, transportable commodity that can be used on demand, thus decoupling the supply from demand that is often considered to be the down-side of intermittent renewable energy usage. European trials have already been conducted to investigate the practical implementation of hydrogen-enriched natural gas (HENG) within a mains gas supply. In this work, the limitations of such a strategy are evaluated based on a novel meta-analysis of experimental studies within the literature, with a focus on the constraints imposed by the phenomena of flash-back and blow-off. Through consideration of the Wobbe Index, we discuss the relationship between molar hydrogen percentage and annual carbon dioxide output, as well as the predicted effect of hydrogen-enrichment on fuel costs. It is further shown that in addition to suppressing both blow-off and yellow-tipping, hydrogen-enrichment of natural gas does not significantly increase the risk of flash-back on ignition for realistic burner setups, while flash-back at extinction is avoided for circular port diameters of less than 3.5 mm unless the proportion of hydrogen exceeds 34.7 mol%. It is thus proposed that up to 30 mol% of the natural gas supply may be replaced in the UK with guaranteed safety and reliability for the domestic end-user, without any modification of the appliance infrastructure.
中文翻译：
富氢天然气作为家庭燃料：基于英国国内天然气设备的回火和吹散极限的分析
为了减少不断增长的全球人口的碳排放量，鉴于其对总体碳排放量的贡献，监测和抵消我们国内能源使用对环境的影响变得越来越重要。为此，氢已成为抵消和最终取代传统气态化石燃料使用的最主要手段。氢作为通用的能源载体或载体很容易从各种形式的可再生或回收能源中生产出来，作为可存储，可运输的商品，可以按需使用，从而使供应与需求脱钩，而需求通常被认为是间歇性的负面影响。可再生能源的使用。已经进行了欧洲试验，以研究在主供气中富氢天然气（HENG）的实际应用。在这项工作中，这种策略的局限性是根据文献中对实验研究进行的新颖荟萃分析来评估的，重点是闪回现象和吹散现象所施加的约束。通过考虑沃泊指数，我们讨论了摩尔氢百分比与年二氧化碳排放量之间的关系，以及氢富集对燃料成本的预期影响。进一步表明，除了抑制吹气和发黄外，对于实际的燃烧器装置，天然气的氢富集不会显着增加点燃后闪回的风险，而对于熄灭则避免了回火。除非氢的比例超过34.7 mol％，否则圆形端口的直径应小于3.5毫米。
更新日期：2018-02-05
中文翻译：
富氢天然气作为家庭燃料：基于英国国内天然气设备的回火和吹散极限的分析
为了减少不断增长的全球人口的碳排放量，鉴于其对总体碳排放量的贡献，监测和抵消我们国内能源使用对环境的影响变得越来越重要。为此，氢已成为抵消和最终取代传统气态化石燃料使用的最主要手段。氢作为通用的能源载体或载体很容易从各种形式的可再生或回收能源中生产出来，作为可存储，可运输的商品，可以按需使用，从而使供应与需求脱钩，而需求通常被认为是间歇性的负面影响。可再生能源的使用。已经进行了欧洲试验，以研究在主供气中富氢天然气（HENG）的实际应用。在这项工作中，这种策略的局限性是根据文献中对实验研究进行的新颖荟萃分析来评估的，重点是闪回现象和吹散现象所施加的约束。通过考虑沃泊指数，我们讨论了摩尔氢百分比与年二氧化碳排放量之间的关系，以及氢富集对燃料成本的预期影响。进一步表明，除了抑制吹气和发黄外，对于实际的燃烧器装置，天然气的氢富集不会显着增加点燃后闪回的风险，而对于熄灭则避免了回火。除非氢的比例超过34.7 mol％，否则圆形端口的直径应小于3.5毫米。
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