Abstract Nanostructured metallic materials having nanocrystalline and ultrafine-grained structures show exceptional mechanical properties, e.g. superior strength, that are very attractive for various applications. However, superstrong metallic nanomaterials typically have low ductility at ambient temperatures, which significantly limits their applications. Nevertheless, several examples of nanostructured metals and alloys with concurrent high strength and good ductility have been reported. Such strong and ductile materials are ideal for a broad range of structural applications in transportation, medicine, energy, etc. Strong and ductile metallic nanomaterials are also important for functional applications where these properties are critical for the lifetime of nanomaterial-based devices. This article presents an overview of experimental data and theoretical concepts addressing the unique combination of superior strength and enhanced ductility of metallic nanomaterials. We consider the basic approaches and methods for simultaneously optimizing their strength and ductility, employing principal deformation mechanisms, crystallographic texture, chemical composition as well as second-phase nano-precipitates, carbon nanotubes and graphene. Examples of achieving such superior properties in industrial materials are reviewed and discussed.

中文翻译：

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金属纳米材料的超强强度和增强延展性研究进展

摘要 具有纳米晶和超细晶粒结构的纳米结构金属材料显示出优异的机械性能，例如优越的强度，对各种应用非常有吸引力。然而，超强金属纳米材料在环境温度下通常具有低延展性，这极大地限制了它们的应用。然而，已经报道了几个同时具有高强度和良好延展性的纳米结构金属和合金的例子。这种坚固且可延展的材料非常适用于运输、医学、能源等领域的广泛结构应用。坚固且可延展的金属纳米材料对于功能应用也很重要，因为这些特性对于基于纳米材料的设备的寿命至关重要。本文概述了实验数据和理论概念，以解决金属纳米材料卓越强度和增强延展性的独特组合。我们考虑了同时优化其强度和延展性的基本方法和方法，采用主要变形机制、晶体结构、化学成分以及第二相纳米沉淀物、碳纳米管和石墨烯。回顾和讨论了在工业材料中实现这种优异性能的例子。化学成分以及第二相纳米沉淀物、碳纳米管和石墨烯。回顾和讨论了在工业材料中实现这种优异性能的例子。化学成分以及第二相纳米沉淀物、碳纳米管和石墨烯。回顾和讨论了在工业材料中实现这种优异性能的例子。