Background

Genomic approaches have revealed characteristic site specificities of skin bacterial community structures. In addition, in children with atopic dermatitis (AD), characteristic shifts were described at creases and, in particular, during flares, which have been postulated to mirror disturbed skin barrier function, cutaneous inflammation, or both.

Objective

We sought to comprehensively analyze microbial configurations in patients with AD across body sites and to explore the effect of distinct abnormalities of epidermal barrier function.

Methods

The skin microbiome was determined by using bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing at 4 nonlesional body sites, as well as acute and chronic lesions of 10 patients with AD and 10 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, and filaggrin (FLG) mutation status. Nonlesional sampling sites were characterized for skin physiology parameters, including chromatography-based lipid profiling.

Results

Epidermal lipid composition, in particular levels of long-chain unsaturated free fatty acids, strongly correlated with bacterial composition, in particular Propionibacteria and Corynebacteria abundance. AD displayed a distinct community structure, with increased abundance and altered composition of staphylococcal species across body sites, the strongest loss of diversity and increase in Staphylococcus aureus seen on chronic lesions, and a progressive shift from nonlesional skin to acute and chronic lesions. FLG-deficient skin showed a distinct microbiome composition resembling in part the AD-related pattern.

Conclusion

Epidermal barrier integrity and function affect the skin microbiome composition. AD shows an altered microbial configuration across diverse body sites, which is most pronounced at sites of predilection and AD. Eczematous affection appears to be a more important determinant than body site.

中文翻译：

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表皮脂质成分，屏障完整性和湿疹炎症与皮肤微生物组结构有关

背景

基因组学方法揭示了皮肤细菌群落结构的特征位点特异性。此外，在患有特应性皮炎（AD）的儿童中，特征性的变化在折痕处出现，尤其是在耀斑中，这被认为反映了皮肤屏障功能受损，皮肤发炎或两者兼有。

客观的

我们试图全面分析AD患者跨身体部位的微生物构型，并探讨表皮屏障功能异常异常的影响。

方法

通过使用细菌16S rRNA测序在4个非病灶部位以及10名年龄，性别和丝蛋白（FLG）突变状态相匹配的10名AD患者和10名健康对照受试者的急慢性损伤中确定皮肤微生物组。对非病变取样部位的皮肤生理参数进行了表征，包括基于色谱的脂质谱分析。

结果

表皮脂质组成，特别是长链不饱和游离脂肪酸的含量，与细菌组成，特别是丙酸杆菌和棒状杆菌的丰度紧密相关。AD表现出独特的群落结构，在整个身体部位，金黄色葡萄球菌的丰度增加，其组成发生变化，在慢性病灶上，金黄色葡萄球菌的多样性丧失最强，金黄色葡萄球菌增多，并且从非病灶皮肤向急性和慢性病灶逐渐转移。FLG缺乏的皮肤显示出独特的微生物组组成，部分类似于AD相关模式。

结论

表皮屏障的完整性和功能会影响皮肤微生物组的组成。AD显示出跨越不同身体部位的微生物构型改变，这在嗜好和AD部位最明显。湿疹的情感似乎是比身体部位更重要的决定因素。