We investigate an electron transport bilayer fabricated at <110 °C to form all low-temperature processed, thermally stable, efficient perovskite solar cells with negligible hysteresis. The components of the bilayer create a symbiosis that results in improved devices compared with either of the components being used in isolation. A sol-gel derived ZnO layer facilitates improved energy level alignment and enhanced charge carrier extraction and a [6,6]-phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) layer to reduce hysteresis and enhance perovskite thermal stability. The creation of a bilayer structure allows materials that are inherently unsuitable to be in contact with the perovskite active layer to be used in efficient devices through simple surface modification strategies.

我们研究了在 <110 °C 下制造的电子传输双层，以形成所有低温处理、热稳定、高效的钙​​钛矿太阳能电池，滞后可忽略不计。双层的成分创造了一种共生关系，与单独使用任何一种成分相比，可以改进设备。溶胶-凝胶衍生的 ZnO 层有助于改进能级排列和增强电荷载流子提取，[6,6]-苯基-C ₆₁ -丁酸甲酯 (PCBM) 层有助于减少滞后并提高钙钛矿热稳定性。双层结构的产生使得本来不适合与钙钛矿活性层接触的材料可以通过简单的表面改性策略用于高效设备。