A fundamental characteristic of spontaneous brain activity is coherent oscillations covering a wide range of frequencies. Interestingly, these temporal oscillations are highly correlated among spatially distributed cortical areas forming structured correlation patterns known as the resting state networks, although the brain is never truly at “rest.” Here, we introduce the concept of harmonic brain modes—fundamental building blocks of complex spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity. We define these elementary harmonic brain modes as harmonic modes of structural connectivity; that is, connectome harmonics, yielding fully synchronous neural activity patterns with different frequency oscillations emerging on and constrained by the particular structure of the brain. Hence, this particular definition implicitly links the hitherto poorly understood dimensions of space and time in brain dynamics and its underlying anatomy. Further we show how harmonic brain modes can explain the relationship between neurophysiological, temporal, and network-level changes in the brain across different mental states (wakefulness, sleep, anesthesia, psychedelic). Notably, when decoded as activation of connectome harmonics, spatial and temporal characteristics of neural activity naturally emerge from the interplay between excitation and inhibition and this critical relation fits the spatial, temporal, and neurophysiological changes associated with different mental states. Thus, the introduced framework of harmonic brain modes not only establishes a relation between the spatial structure of correlation patterns and temporal oscillations (linking space and time in brain dynamics), but also enables a new dimension of tools for understanding fundamental principles underlying brain dynamics in different states of consciousness.

自发性大脑活动的基本特征是覆盖广泛频率的相干振荡。有趣的是，尽管大脑从未真正处于“静止”状态，但这些时间振动在空间分布的皮质区域之间高度相关，形成了被称为“静止状态网络”的结构化相关模式。在这里，我们介绍谐波大脑模式的概念-复杂的神经活动时空模式的基本构成要素。我们将这些基本的谐波脑模式定义为结构连通性的谐波模式。就是说，连接组谐波产生了完全同步的神经活动模式，并在大脑的特定结构上受其约束而出现了不同的频率振荡。因此，这个特定的定义隐含了迄今为止对大脑动力学及其基础解剖学中时空维度知之甚少的联系。进一步，我们展示了谐波大脑模式如何解释不同心理状态（觉醒，睡眠，麻醉，迷幻药）的神经生理，时间和网络水平变化之间的关系。）。值得注意的是，当将其解码为连接谐和谐波的激活时，神经活动的时空特征自然会从激发和抑制之间的相互作用中显现出来，并且这种关键关系适合与不同心理状态相关的时空和神经生理变化。因此，引入的谐波大脑模式框架不仅在相关模式的空间结构和时间振荡（大脑动力学中的时空链接）之间建立了联系，而且还为理解人类大脑动力学基本原理的工具提供了新的维度。不同的意识状态。