Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a pathologic response to trauma that impacts ∼8% of the population and is highly comorbid with other disorders, such as traumatic brain injury. PTSD affects multiple biological systems throughout the body, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortical function, and the immune system, and while the study of the biological underpinnings of PTSD and related disorders are numerous, the roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are just emerging. Moreover, deep sequencing has revealed that ncRNAs represent most of the transcribed mammalian genome. Here, we present developing evidence that ncRNAs are involved in critical aspects of PTSD pathophysiology. In that regard, we summarize the roles of three classes of ncRNAs in PTSD and related disorders: microRNAs, long-noncoding RNAs, and retrotransposons. This review evaluates findings from both animal and human studies with a special focus on the role of ncRNAs in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormalities and glucocorticoid dysfunction in PTSD and traumatic brain injury. We conclude that ncRNAs may prove to be useful biomarkers to facilitate personalized medicines for trauma-related brain disorders.

中文翻译：

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非编码 RNA：压力、糖皮质激素和 PTSD

创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 是对创伤的一种病理反应，影响约 8% 的人口，并且与其他疾病（如创伤性脑损伤）高度共存。PTSD 影响全身多个生物系统，包括下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、皮质功能和免疫系统，虽然对 PTSD 和相关疾病的生物学基础的研究很多，但非编码 RNA (ncRNA) 的作用刚刚出现。此外，深度测序显示 ncRNA 代表了大部分转录的哺乳动物基因组。在这里，我们展示了 ncRNA 参与 PTSD 病理生理学的关键方面的不断发展的证据。在这方面，我们总结了三类 ncRNA 在 PTSD 和相关疾病中的作用：microRNA、长链非编码 RNA 和逆转录转座子。本综述评估了动物和人类研究的结果，特别关注 ncRNA 在 PTSD 和创伤性脑损伤中下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴异常和糖皮质激素功能障碍中的作用。我们得出的结论是，ncRNA 可能被证明是有用的生物标志物，以促进创伤相关脑部疾病的个性化药物。