Abstract

Oxygen and nitrogen heterocycles are present in a vast number of natural substrates and biologically active molecules. In particular, phthalan and isoindoline subunits are found in many classes of products such as antibiotics, antioxidants, antimycotics, pigments, and fluorophores. Therefore several procedures dedicated to the construction of these heterocycles have been developed. In this review, a detailed analysis of the literature data regarding the synthesis of these nuclei via cyclization reactions is reported.

1 Introduction

2 Phthalans

2.1 Oxa-Pictet–Spengler Reaction

2.2 Garratt–Braverman Cyclization

2.3 Diels–Alder and Related Reactions

2.4 [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes

2.5 Cycloetherification of ortho-Substituted Aromatics

2.6 Tandem Carbonylative Sonogashira Coupling–Cyclization Reactions

3 Isoindolines

3.1 Amination of Dihalides

3.2 Intramolecular Hydroamination

3.3 Diels–Alder and Related Reactions

3.4 [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions

3.5 Tandem Carbonylative Sonogashira Coupling–Cyclization Reactions

4 Conclusions

Oxygen and nitrogen heterocycles are present in a vast number of natural substrates and biologically active molecules. In particular, phthalan and isoindoline subunits are found in many classes of products such as antibiotics, antioxidants, antimycotics, pigments, and fluorophores. Therefore several procedures dedicated to the construction of these heterocycles have been developed. In this review, a detailed analysis of the literature data regarding the synthesis of these nuclei via cyclization reactions is reported.

1 Introduction

2 Phthalans

2.1 Oxa-Pictet–Spengler Reaction

2.2 Garratt–Braverman Cyclization

2.3 Diels–Alder and Related Reactions

2.4 [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes

2.5 Cycloetherification of ortho-Substituted Aromatics

2.6 Tandem Carbonylative Sonogashira Coupling–Cyclization Reactions

3 Isoindolines

3.1 Amination of Dihalides

3.2 Intramolecular Hydroamination

3.3 Diels–Alder and Related Reactions

3.4 [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions

3.5 Tandem Carbonylative Sonogashira Coupling–Cyclization Reactions

4 Conclusions

中文翻译：

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邻苯二酚和异吲哚啉合成的环化反应

摘要

氧和氮杂环存在于大量天然底物和生物活性分子中。特别是，在许多类别的产品（例如抗生素，抗氧化剂，抗真菌药，颜料和荧光团）中都发现了邻苯二甲酸和异吲哚啉亚基。因此，已经开发了几种专门用于这些杂环的构建的方法。在这篇综述中，报道了有关通过环化反应合成这些核的文献数据的详细分析。

1引言

2个Phthalans

2.1 Oxa-Pictet-Spengler反应

2.2 Garratt–Braverman环化

2.3 Diels–Alder及相关反应

2.4炔烃的[2 + 2 + 2]环三聚

的2.5 Cycloetherification邻-取代芳烃

2.6串联羰基化Sonogashira偶联-环化反应

3异吲哚啉

3.1二卤化物的胺化

3.2分子内加氢胺化

3.3 Diels–Alder及相关反应

3.4 [2 + 2 + 2]环加成反应

3.5串联羰基化Sonogashira偶联-环化反应

4。结论

氧和氮杂环存在于大量天然底物和生物活性分子中。特别是，在许多类别的产品（例如抗生素，抗氧化剂，抗真菌药，颜料和荧光团）中都发现了邻苯二甲酸和异吲哚啉亚基。因此，已经开发了几种专门用于这些杂环的构建的方法。在这篇综述中，报道了有关通过环化反应合成这些核的文献数据的详细分析。

1引言

2个Phthalans

2.1 Oxa-Pictet-Spengler反应

2.2 Garratt–Braverman环化

2.3 Diels–Alder及相关反应

2.4炔烃的[2 + 2 + 2]环三聚

的2.5 Cycloetherification邻-取代芳烃

2.6串联羰基化Sonogashira偶联-环化反应

3异吲哚啉

3.1二卤化物的胺化

3.2分子内加氢胺化

3.3 Diels–Alder及相关反应

3.4 [2 + 2 + 2]环加成反应

3.5串联羰基化Sonogashira偶联-环化反应

4。结论