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Zika, Chikungunya, and Other Emerging Vector-Borne Viral Diseases
Annual Review of Medicine ( IF 15.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-29 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-050715-105122
Scott C. Weaver 1, 2, 3 , Caroline Charlier 4, 5, 6, 7 , Nikos Vasilakis 1, 3 , Marc Lecuit 4, 5, 6, 7
Affiliation  

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have a long history of emerging to infect humans, but during recent decades, they have been spreading more widely and affecting larger populations. This is due to several factors, including increased air travel and uncontrolled mosquito vector populations. Emergence can involve simple spillover from enzootic (wildlife) cycles, as in the case of West Nile virus accompanying geographic expansion into the Americas; secondary amplification in domesticated animals, as seen with Japanese encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and Rift Valley fever viruses; and urbanization, in which humans become the amplification hosts and peridomestic mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti, mediate human-to-human transmission. Dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika viruses have undergone such urban emergence. We focus mainly on the latter two, which are recent arrivals in the Western Hemisphere. We also discuss a few other viruses with the potential to emerge through all of these mechanisms.

中文翻译:


寨卡病毒,基孔肯雅热和其他新兴的媒介传染性病毒病

节肢动物传播的病毒(虫媒病毒)具有很长的历史,可以感染人类,但是在最近的几十年中,它们已经更广泛地传播并影响了更大的人群。这是由于多种因素造成的,包括航空旅行增加和蚊媒种群不受控制。出现可能涉及从生化(野生生物)周期的简单溢出,例如随着西尼罗河病毒伴随着地域扩展到美洲的情况;在日本脑炎,委内瑞拉马脑炎和裂谷热病毒中观察到的家养动物的二次扩增;以及城市化,其中人类成为放大宿主和蠕虫,主要是埃及伊蚊,介导人与人之间的传播。登革热,黄热病,基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒已经在城市中出现。我们主要集中在后两个方面,它们是西半球的新近到达者。我们还将讨论可能通过所有这些机制出现的其他一些病毒。

更新日期:2018-01-29
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