Three-dimensional (3D) structures capable of reversible transformations in their geometrical layouts have important applications across a broad range of areas. Most morphable 3D systems rely on concepts inspired by origami/kirigami or techniques of 3D printing with responsive materials. The development of schemes that can simultaneously apply across a wide range of size scales and with classes of advanced materials found in state-of-the-art microsystem technologies remains challenging. Here, we introduce a set of concepts for morphable 3D mesostructures in diverse materials and fully formed planar devices spanning length scales from micrometres to millimetres. The approaches rely on elastomer platforms deformed in different time sequences to elastically alter the 3D geometries of supported mesostructures via nonlinear mechanical buckling. Over 20 examples have been experimentally and theoretically investigated, including mesostructures that can be reshaped between different geometries as well as those that can morph into three or more distinct states. An adaptive radiofrequency circuit and a concealable electromagnetic device provide examples of functionally reconfigurable microelectronic devices.

能够在其几何布局中进行可逆变换的三维 (3D) 结构在广泛的领域具有重要的应用。大多数可变形 3D 系统依赖于受折纸/剪纸启发的概念或使用响应材料的 3D 打印技术。开发可以同时适用于各种尺寸范围并使用最先进的微系统技术中发现的各类先进材料的方案仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们介绍了一组用于各种材料中的可变形 3D 介观结构的概念，以及从微米到毫米的长度尺度的完全成形的平面器件。这些方法依赖于在不同时间序列中变形的弹性体平台，通过非线性机械屈曲弹性改变支撑细观结构的 3D 几何形状。已经对 20 多个示例进行了实验和理论研究，包括可以在不同几何形状之间重塑的细观结构以及可以变形为三种或更多不同状态的细观结构。自适应射频电路和可隐藏的电磁设备提供了功能可重构微电子设备的示例。