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Breaching Self-Tolerance to Alu Duplex RNA Underlies MDA5-Mediated Inflammation.
Cell ( IF 45.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-Feb-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.016
Sadeem Ahmad 1 , Xin Mu 1 , Fei Yang 1 , Emily Greenwald 2 , Ji Woo Park 3 , Etai Jacob 4 , Cheng-Zhong Zhang 5 , Sun Hur 1
Affiliation  

Aberrant activation of innate immune receptors can cause a spectrum of immune disorders, such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). One such receptor is MDA5, a viral dsRNA sensor that induces antiviral immune response. Using a newly developed RNase-protection/RNA-seq approach, we demonstrate here that constitutive activation of MDA5 in AGS results from the loss of tolerance to cellular dsRNAs formed by Alu retroelements. While wild-type MDA5 cannot efficiently recognize Alu-dsRNAs because of its limited filament formation on imperfect duplexes, AGS variants of MDA5 display reduced sensitivity to duplex structural irregularities, assembling signaling-competent filaments on Alu-dsRNAs. Moreover, we identified an unexpected role of an RNA-rich cellular environment in suppressing aberrant MDA5 oligomerization, highlighting context dependence of self versus non-self discrimination. Overall, our work demonstrates that the increased efficiency of MDA5 in recognizing dsRNA comes at a cost of self-recognition and implicates a unique role of Alu-dsRNAs as virus-like elements that shape the primate immune system.

中文翻译:

对Alu双链体RNA的违反自我耐受性是MDA5介导的炎症的基础。

先天免疫受体的异常激活会引起一系列免疫疾病,例如艾卡迪-古特雷斯综合症(AGS)。一种这样的受体是MDA5,一种可诱导抗病毒免疫反应的病毒dsRNA传感器。使用新开发的RNase保护/ RNA-seq方法,我们在这里证明AGS中MDA5的组成性激活是由于对Alu逆向元件形成的细胞dsRNA的耐受性丧失所致。尽管野生型MDA5由于在不完善的双链体上形成的细丝有限而不能有效识别Alu-dsRNA,但MDA5的AGS变体显示出对双链结构不规则性的敏感性降低,从而在Alu-dsRNAs上组装了信号传导性细丝。此外,我们发现了富含RNA的细胞环境在抑制异常MDA5寡聚化中的出乎意料的作用,强调自我与非自我歧视的语境依赖性。总体而言,我们的工作表明,MDA5识别dsRNA的效率提高是以自我识别为代价的,并暗示了Alu-dsRNA作为塑造灵长类动物免疫系统的病毒样成分的独特作用。
更新日期:2018-01-25
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