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DNAzymes: Selected for Applications
Small Methods ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-25 , DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201700319
Devon Morrison 1 , Meghan Rothenbroker 1 , Yingfu Li 1
Affiliation  

DNA‐based enzymes, also known as deoxyribozymes or DNAzymes, are single‐stranded DNA molecules with catalytic activity. DNAzymes do not exist in nature but can be isolated from random‐sequence DNA pools using in vitro selection. To date, many DNAzymes that collectively catalyze a diverse range of chemical transformations have been reported. Here, examples of new DNAzymes engineered to mimic some intriguing functions of naturally occurring protein‐based enzymes are discussed. This is followed by discussions of recent examples of a particular class of DNAzymes, known as “RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes”, that have been derived specifically so that their activity is strictly dependent on a given chemical or biological stimulus. Some unique ways to employ ligand‐responsive DNAzymes for the design of bioanalytical assays and biosensors are then highlighted. Being DNA molecules, DNAzymes have proven to be entirely compatible with DNA amplification. Several approaches are then discussed, which relay the activity of an analyte‐activated DNAzyme into the production of massive amounts of DNA amplicons, via “rolling circle amplification”, in biosensing applications designed to deliver very high levels of detection sensitivity.

中文翻译:

DNAzyme:选择用于应用

基于DNA的酶,也称为脱氧核酶或DNAzyme,是具有催化活性的单链DNA分子。DNAzyme在自然界中不存在,但可以使用体外选择从随机序列DNA池中分离出来。迄今为止,已经报道了许多共同催化多种化学转化的DNA核酶。在这里,我们讨论了一些新的DNA酶的实例,这些酶被设计用来模仿天然存在的基于蛋白质的酶的某些有趣功能。接下来是对特定类别的DNA酶(称为“ RNA裂解DNA酶”)的最新实例的讨论,这些酶是专门衍生的,因此其活性严格取决于给定的化学或生物刺激。然后重点介绍了一些利用配体响应性DNA酶进行生物分析测定和生物传感器设计的独特方法。作为DNA分子,DNA酶已被证明与DNA扩增完全兼容。然后讨论了几种方法,这些方法在旨在提供极高水平检测灵敏度的生物传感应用中,通过“滚环扩增”将分析物激活的DNAzyme的活性传递到大量DNA扩增子的产生中。
更新日期:2018-01-25
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