Asteroids and comets are the remnants of the swarm of planetesimals from which the planets ultimately formed, and they retain records of processes that operated prior to and during planet formation. They are also likely the sources of most of the water and other volatiles accreted by Earth. In this review, we discuss the nature and probable origins of asteroids and comets based on data from remote observations, in situ measurements by spacecraft, and laboratory analyses of meteorites derived from asteroids. The asteroidal parent bodies of meteorites formed ≤4$\leq 4$ Ma after Solar System formation while there was still a gas disk present. It seems increasingly likely that the parent bodies of meteorites spectroscopically linked with the E-, S-, M- and V-type asteroids formed sunward of Jupiter’s orbit, while those associated with C- and, possibly, D-type asteroids formed further out, beyond Jupiter but probably not beyond Saturn’s orbit. Comets formed further from the Sun than any of the meteorite parent bodies, and retain much higher abundances of interstellar material. CI and CM group meteorites are probably related to the most common C-type asteroids, and based on isotopic evidence they, rather than comets, are the most likely sources of the H and N accreted by the terrestrial planets. However, comets may have been major sources of the noble gases accreted by Earth and Venus. Possible constraints that these observations can place on models of giant planet formation and migration are explored.

中文翻译：

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小行星体中的水库：陨石、小行星和彗星


小行星和彗星是行星最终形成的星子群的残余物，它们保留了行星形成之前和期间运行过程的记录。它们也可能是地球上大部分水和其他挥发物的来源。在这篇综述中，我们根据远程观测数据、航天器现场测量以及小行星陨石的实验室分析，讨论了小行星和彗星的性质和可能起源。太阳系形成后，陨石的小行星母体形成≤4$\leq 4$ Ma，同时仍然存在气盘。看起来越来越有可能的是，在光谱上与 E、S、M 和 V 型小行星相关的陨石母体形成于木星轨道向阳的位置，而与 C 型和可能的 D 型小行星相关的陨石母体形成于木星轨道更远的地方。 ，超出木星，但可能不会超出土星轨道。彗星的形成距离太阳比任何陨石母体都更远，并且保留了更高丰度的星际物质。 CI 和 CM 群陨石可能与最常见的 C 型小行星有关，并且根据同位素证据，它们（而不是彗星）是类地行星吸积的 H 和 N 的最可能来源。然而，彗星可能是地球和金星吸积稀有气体的主要来源。探讨了这些观测可能对巨行星形成和迁移模型施加的限制。