The formal division of the distance indicators into primary and secondary leads to difficulties in description of methods which can actually be used in two ways: with, and without the support of the other methods for scaling. Thus instead of concentrating on the scaling requirement we concentrate on all methods of distance determination to extragalactic sources which are designated, at least formally, to use for individual sources. Among those, the Supernovae Ia is clearly the leader due to its enormous success in determination of the expansion rate of the Universe. However, new methods are rapidly developing, and there is also a progress in more traditional methods. We give a general overview of the methods but we mostly concentrate on the most recent developments in each field, and future expectations.

中文翻译：

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太空时代的天文距离测定

距离指标正式划分为主要和次要导致难以描述方法，这些方法实际上可以以两种方式使用：支持和不支持其他缩放方法。因此，我们不是专注于缩放要求，而是专注于确定到河外源的距离的所有方法，这些方法至少正式指定用于单个源。其中，超新星 Ia 显然是领先者，因为它在确定宇宙膨胀率方面取得了巨大成功。然而，新的方法正在迅速发展，更传统的方法也有进步。我们对这些方法进行了总体概述，但我们主要关注每个领域的最新发展以及未来的期望。