Heterogeneous photocatalysts have recently been widely applied in selective organic synthesis due to their eco-friendliness, sustainable energy and facile recycling. However, unsatisfactory conversion and product selectivity present challenges when deriving extensive strategies for developing high-efficiency photocatalysts. This review enumerates recent achievements related to heterogeneous photocatalysts in organic synthesis, including the selective oxidation of alcohols, hydrocarbons, and amines and the selective reduction of nitro compounds; it also discusses the roles of various active species. Herein, a concept is proposed that the performance of these catalysts is directly determined by the degrees of participation of various photo-induced active species, which can be selectively controlled by modifying the compositions, crystalline structures, electronic structures and surface structures of the photocatalysts. We wish to offer readers inspiring comprehension and enlightenment with general applicability for better understanding these modification strategies and guiding future investigations.

中文翻译：

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改性多相光催化剂以进行选择性有机合成

非均相光催化剂由于其生态友好，可持续的能源和容易的回收利用，最近已广泛用于选择性有机合成中。然而，当获得开发高效光催化剂的广泛策略时，转化率和产物选择性不令人满意提出了挑战。这篇综述列举了与有机合成中的多相光催化剂有关的最新成就，包括醇，烃和胺的选择性氧化和硝基化合物的选择性还原；它还讨论了各种活性物种的作用。本文提出了一个概念，即这些催化剂的性能直接取决于各种光诱导活性物质的参与程度，可以通过改变组成来选择性地控制它们的活性，光催化剂的晶体结构，电子结构和表面结构。我们希望为读者提供启发性的理解和启发，使其具有普遍适用性，以更好地理解这些修改策略并指导将来的研究。