In the realm of stationary energy storage, a plurality of candidate chemistries continues to vie for acceptance, among them the Na–NiCl₂ displacement battery, which has eluded widespread adoption owing to the fragility of the β″-Al₂O₃ membrane. Here we report a porous electronically conductive membrane, which achieves chemical selectivity by preferred faradaic reaction instead of by regulated ionic conduction. Fitted with a porous membrane of TiN, a displacement cell comprising a liquid Pb positive electrode, a liquid Li–Pb negative electrode and a molten-salt electrolyte of PbCl₂ dissolved in LiCl–KCl eutectic was cycled at a current density of 150 mA cm⁻² at a temperature of 410 °C and exhibited a coulombic efficiency of 92% and a round-trip energy efficiency of 71%. As an indication of industrial scalability, we show comparable performance in a cell fitted with a faradaic membrane fashioned out of porous metal.

在固定式能量存储领域，许多候选化学物质一直在争相接受，其中包括Na-NiCl ₂置换电池，由于β''-Al ₂ O ₃膜的易碎性，它已被广泛采用。在这里，我们报告了一种多孔的电子导电膜，该膜通过优选的法拉第反应而不是通过调节的离子传导来实现化学选择性。装有TiN多孔膜的置换池以150 mA cm的电流密度循环，该置换池包含液态Pb正极，液态Li–Pb负极和溶解在LiCl–KCl共晶中的PbCl ₂熔融盐电解质⁻²在410°C的温度下，库仑效率为92％，往返能量效率为71％。作为工业可扩展性的指标，我们在装有由多孔金属制成的法拉第膜的电池中显示了可比的性能。