Objectives: Ambient light has a vital impact on mood and cognitive functions. Blue light has been previously reported to play a salient role in the antidepressant effect via melanopsin. Whether blue light filtered white light (BFW) affects mood and cognitive functions remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether BFW led to depression-like symptoms and cognitive deficits including spatial learning and memory abilities in rats, and whether they were associated with the light-responsive function in retinal explants. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley albino rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 10) and treated with a white light-emitting diode (LED) light source and BFW light source, respectively, under a standard 12 : 12 h L/D condition over 30 days. The sucrose consumption test, forced swim test (FST) and the level of plasma corticosterone (CORT) were employed to evaluate depression-like symptoms in rats. Cognitive functions were assessed by the Morris water maze (MWM) test. A multi-electrode array (MEA) system was utilized to measure electro-retinogram (ERG) responses induced by white or BFW flashes. Results: The effect of BFW over 30 days on depression-like responses in rats was indicated by decreased sucrose consumption in the sucrose consumption test, an increased immobility time in the FST and an elevated level of plasma CORT. BFW led to temporary spatial learning deficits in rats, which was evidenced by prolonged escape latency and swimming distances in the spatial navigation test. However, no changes were observed in the short memory ability of rats treated with BFW. The micro-ERG results showed a delayed implicit time and reduced amplitudes evoked by BFW flashes compared to the white flash group. Conclusions: BFW induces depression-like symptoms and temporary spatial learning deficits in rats, which might be closely related to the impairment of light-evoked output signals in the retina.

中文翻译：

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蓝光过滤的白光在大鼠中诱发抑郁样反应和暂时性空间学习障碍

目标：环境光对情绪和认知功能具有至关重要的影响。先前已经报道了蓝光通过黑视蛋白在抗抑郁作用中起着重要作用。蓝光过滤后的白光（BFW）是否会影响情绪和认知功能，目前尚不清楚。本研究旨在调查BFW是否导致大鼠出现抑郁样症状和认知缺陷，包括空间学习和记忆能力，以及它们是否与视网膜外植体的光反应功能相关。方法：雄性Sprague-Dawley白化病大鼠随机分为两组（n= 10），并在30天的标准12:12 h L / D条件下分别用白色发光二极管（LED）光源和BFW光源处理。使用蔗糖消耗测试，强迫游泳测试（FST）和血浆皮质酮水平（CORT）来评估大鼠的抑郁样症状。认知功能通过莫里斯水迷宫（MWM）测试进行评估。多电极阵列（MEA）系统用于测量由白色或BFW闪光引起的视网膜电图（ERG）响应。结果：蔗糖消耗试验中蔗糖消耗减少，FST固定时间增加和血浆CORT水平升高表明BFW在30天之内对大鼠抑郁样反应的影响。BFW导致大鼠暂时的空间学习不足，这在空间导航测试中通过延长的逃避潜伏期和游泳距离得到了证明。但是，BFW处理的大鼠的短时记忆能力未见变化。与白色闪光灯组相比，微型ERG结果显示了延迟的隐式时间和BFW闪光灯引起的振幅降低。结论：BFW在大鼠中诱发抑郁样症状和暂时性的空间学习障碍，这可能与视网膜中光诱发的输出信号的损伤密切相关。