Two types of thermogenic fat cells, brown adipocytes and beige adipocytes, play a key role in the regulation of systemic energy homeostasis in mammals. Both brown fat and beige fat possess thermogenic properties in addition to common morphological and biochemical characteristics, including multilocular lipid droplets and cristae-dense mitochondria. Recent studies also identify features that are distinct between the two types of thermogenic fat cells, such as their developmental regulation and function. Of particular interest is the role of beige fat in the regulation of glucose homeostasis via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-independent mechanisms. A better understanding of the underlying causes of these characteristics of brown and beige fat will allow us to specifically manipulate these cells to improve systemic energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis.

中文翻译：

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棕色和米色脂肪细胞的共同和独特特征

两种类型的产热脂肪细胞，棕色脂肪细胞和米色脂肪细胞，在哺乳动物全身能量稳态的调节中起关键作用。除了常见的形态和生化特征外，棕色脂肪和米色脂肪都具有产热特性，包括多房脂滴和嵴致密线粒体。最近的研究还确定了两种类型的产热脂肪细胞之间的不同特征，例如它们的发育调节和功能。特别令人感兴趣的是米色脂肪在通过解偶联蛋白 1 (UCP1) 独立机制调节葡萄糖稳态中的作用。