Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a protein present in azurophilic granules, macrophages, and neutrophils that are released into extracellular fluid (ECF) during inflammation. MPO releases hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and other chlorinated species. It is derived from hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) showing response during inflammatory conditions and plays a role in the immune defense against pathogens. MPO may show unwanted effects by indirectly increasing the formation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. As neuroinflammation is one of the inevitable biological components among most of neurological disorders, MPO and its receptor may be explored as candidates for future clinical interventions. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the pathophysiological characteristics of MPO and further explore the possibilities to target it for clinical use. Targeting MPO is promising and may open an avenue to act as a biomarker for diagnosis with defined risk stratification in patients with various neurological disorders.

中文翻译：

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髓过氧化物酶和神经系统疾病：串扰。

髓过氧化物酶（MPO）是一种存在于嗜酸性颗粒，巨噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞中的蛋白质，在炎症过程中会释放到细胞外液（ECF）中。MPO释放次氯酸（HOCl）和其他氯化物。它由过氧化氢（H ₂ O ₂）在炎症条件下表现出反应，并在针对病原体的免疫防御中发挥作用。MPO可能通过间接增加反应性氮物质（RNS），反应性氧物质（ROS）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的形成而表现出不良作用，从而导致炎症和氧化应激。由于神经发炎是大多数神经系统疾病中不可避免的生物学成分之一，因此MPO及其受体可作为未来临床干预措施的候选药物。这篇综述的目的是概述MPO的病理生理特征，并进一步探索将其靶向临床的可能性。靶向MPO是有希望的，并且可以为具有各种神经系统疾病的患者明确的危险分层诊断的生物标志物提供途径。