This study was conducted to investigate the natural co-occurrence of 295 fungal and bacterial metabolites in 28 samples of dried date palm fruits collected from different shops distributed in Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt in 2016. Extraction and quantification of the target analytes were done using the "dilute and shoot" approach followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. In total, 30 toxic fungal metabolites were detected. Among these metabolites, 4 types of ochratoxins including ochratoxin type A and B were quantified in 3 samples (11%) with a contamination range from 1.48 to 6070 μg/kg for ochratoxin A and from 0.28 to 692 μg/kg for ochratoxin B. In addition, fumonisin B2 was observed in 2 (7%) samples with contamination levels ranging from 4.99 to 16.2 μg/kg. The simultaneous detection of fumonisin B2 in the same contaminated samples with ochratoxins indicates the fungal attack by Aspergillus niger species during storage. Only 1 sample was contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (14.4 μg/kg) and B2 (2.44 μg/kg). The highest maximum concentration (90400 μg/kg) was for kojic acid that contaminated 43% of the samples. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of the natural co-occurrence of fumonisin B2 and ochratoxin A and B in addition to a wide range of other fungal metabolites in date palm fruits. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by different fungi. These metabolites pose a potential risk on human health since they contaminate many food commodities. Among these, date palm fruits which are an integral part of diet in several countries. Therefore, detection of mycotoxins is a prerequisite to insure the safety of food. Here, different types of mycotoxins have been detected in levels that may have health hazard.

中文翻译：

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埃及海枣干中赭曲霉毒素、伏马菌素 B2、黄曲霉毒素（B1 和 B2）和其他真菌次级代谢物的含量：小型调查

本研究旨在调查 2016 年从分布在上埃及 Assiut 省的不同商店收集的 28 个干枣椰果样品中 295 种真菌和细菌代谢物的自然共存情况。目标分析物的提取和定量使用“稀释和射击”方法，然后进行液相色谱-串联质谱 (LC-MS/MS) 分析。总共检测到 30 种有毒真菌代谢物。在这些代谢物中，3 个样品 (11%) 中对包括 A 型和 B 型在内的 4 种赭曲霉毒素进行了定量，其中赭曲霉毒素 A 的污染范围为 1.48 至 6070 μg/kg，赭曲霉毒素 B 的污染范围为 0.28 至 692 μg/kg。此外，在 2 个 (7%) 样本中观察到伏马菌素 B2，污染水平介于 4.99 至 16.2 μg/kg 之间。在含有赭曲霉毒素的相同污染样品中同时检测到伏马菌素 B2 表明在储存期间黑曲霉物种受到真菌攻击。只有 1 个样品被黄曲霉毒素 B1 (14.4 μg/kg) 和 B2 (2.44 μg/kg) 污染。最高浓度 (90400 μg/kg) 是曲酸污染了 43% 的样品。据作者所知，这是首次报道伏马菌素 B2 和赭曲霉毒素 A 和 B 以及海枣果实中的多种其他真菌代谢物自然共存。实际应用 霉菌毒素是不同真菌产生的次级代谢产物。这些代谢物对人类健康构成潜在风险，因为它们污染了许多食品。其中，椰枣果实是一些国家饮食中不可或缺的一部分。所以，霉菌毒素的检测是保证食品安全的前提。在这里，已检测到不同类型的霉菌毒素，其水平可能会对健康造成危害。