Beside its genomic properties, DNA is also recognized as a novel material in the field of nanoengineering. The specific bonding of base pairs can be used to direct the assembly of highly structured materials with specific nanoscale features such as periodic 2D arrays, 3D nanostructures, assembly of nanomaterials, and DNA nanomachines. In recent years, a variety of DNA nanomachines are developed because of their many potential applications in biosensing, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications. In this review, the fuel‐powered motors and secondary structure motors, whose working mechanisms are inspired or derived from natural phenomena and nanomachines, are discussed. The combination of DNA motors with other platforms is then discussed. In each section of these motors, their mechanisms and their usage in the biomedical field are described. Finally, it is believed that these DNA‐based nanomachines and hybrid motifs will become an integral point‐of‐care diagnostics and smart, site‐specific therapeutic delivery.

中文翻译：

---

生物衍生的DNA纳米机器在生物传感，诊断和治疗应用中的潜在用途

除了其基因组特性外，DNA还被认为是纳米工程领域中的一种新型材料。碱基对的特定键合可用于指导具有特定纳米级特征的高度结构化材料的组装，例如周期性2D阵列，3D纳米结构，纳米材料的组装和DNA纳米机器。近年来，由于DNA纳米机在生物传感，诊断和治疗应用中的许多潜在应用，因此开发了各种DNA纳米机。在这篇综述中，讨论了燃料驱动的电动机和二级结构电动机，它们的工作机制是受自然现象和纳米机械启发或衍生的。然后讨论了DNA马达与其他平台的结合。在这些电动机的每个部分中，都描述了它们的机理及其在生物医学领域中的用途。