Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection significantly affect neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes. We investigated whether alterations of gray matter organization and structural covariance networks with vertical HIV infection adolescents exist, by using the GAT toolbox. MRI data were analysed from 25 HIV vertically infected adolescents and 33 HIV-exposed-uninfected control participants. The gray matter volume (GMV) was calculated, and structural brain networks were reconstructed from gray matter co-variance. Gray matter losses were pronounced in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right pallidum, right occipital lobe, inferior parietal lobe, and bilateral cerebellum crus. The global brain network measures were not significantly different between the groups; however, the nodal alterations were most pronounced in frontal, temporal, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and temporal lobes. Brain hubs in the HIV-infected subjects increased in number and tended to shift to sensorimotor and temporal areas. In the HIV-infected subjects, decreased GMVs in ACC and bilateral cerebellum were related to lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores; the CD4 counts were positively related to the GMVs in ACC and sensorimotor areas. These findings suggest that focally reduced gray matter, disrupted nodal profiles of structural wirings, and a shift in hub distribution may represent neuroanatomical biomarkers of HIV infection on the developing brain.

中文翻译：

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HIV垂直感染青少年的灰色物质体积的结构协方差。

人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染会严重影响神经发育和行为结局。我们通过使用GAT工具箱调查了是否存在与垂直HIV感染青少年有关的灰质组织和结构协方差网络的变化。从25个垂直感染HIV的青少年和33个未暴露HIV的对照组中分析了MRI数据。计算了灰质体积（GMV），并从灰质协方差重建了结构脑网络。在前扣带回皮层（ACC），右苍白球，右枕叶，顶下叶和双侧小脑结中灰质明显消失。两组之间的全球脑网络测量没有显着差异；但是，淋巴结的改变在额叶，颞叶，基底神经节，小脑和颞叶。感染了HIV的受试者的大脑中枢数量增加，并倾向于转移到感觉运动和颞叶区域。在感染艾滋病毒的受试者中，ACC和双侧小脑的GMV下降与较低的小精神状态检查得分有关；CD4计数与ACC和感觉运动区的GMV正相关。这些发现表明，灰质的局部减少，结构性布线的淋巴结轮廓的破坏以及集线器分布的变化，可能代表了正在发育的大脑中HIV感染的神经解剖生物标志物。ACC和双侧小脑的GMV降低与低智商状态考试成绩降低有关；CD4计数与ACC和感觉运动区的GMV正相关。这些发现表明，灰质的局部减少，结构性布线的淋巴结轮廓的破坏以及集线器分布的变化，可能代表了正在发育的大脑中HIV感染的神经解剖生物标志物。ACC和双侧小脑的GMV降低与低智商状态考试成绩降低有关；CD4计数与ACC和感觉运动区的GMV正相关。这些发现表明，灰质的局部减少，结构性布线的淋巴结轮廓的破坏以及集线器分布的变化，可能代表了正在发育的大脑中HIV感染的神经解剖生物标志物。