Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one predictive factor of death from various illnesses. The present study was to comparatively investigate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched and docosahexaenoic acid-enriched phospholipids forage (EPA-PL and DHA-PL) and liposomes (lipo-EPA and lipo-DHA) on NAFLD and demonstrate the possible protective mechanisms involved. The additive doses of EPA-PL and DHA-PL in all treatment groups were 1% of total diets, respectively. The results showed that Lipo-EPA could significantly improve hepatic function by down-regulating orotic acid-induced serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels by 55.6% and 34.2%, respectively (p < 0.01). Moreover, lipo-EPA exhibited excellent inhibition on the mRNA expression of SREBP-1c and FAS at the values of 0.454 ± 0.09 (p < 0.01) and 0.523 ± 0.08 (p < 0.01), respectively, thus ameliorating OA-induced NAFLD. Meanwhile, lipo-EPA could significantly suppress the SREBP-2 and HMGR levels (31.4% and 66.7%, p < 0.05, respectively). In addition, EPA-PL and lipo-DHA could also significantly suppress hepatic lipid accumulation mainly by enhancement of hepatic lipolysis and cholesterol efflux. Furthermore, DHA-PL played a certain role in inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis and accelerating cholesterol efflux. The results obtained in this work might contribute to the understanding of the biological activities of EPA/DHA-PL and liposomes and further investigation on its potential application values for food supplements.

中文翻译：

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乳清酸诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠EPA / DHA-PL饲料和脂质体的比较分析及相关机制

非酒精性脂肪肝疾病（NAFLD）已成为各种疾病导致死亡的一种预测因素。本研究旨在比较研究富含二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的磷脂饲料（EPA-PL和DHA-PL）和脂质体（lipo-EPA和脂质-DHA）对NAFLD的影响，并证明可能涉及的保护机制。在所有治疗组中，EPA-PL和DHA-PL的添加剂量分别为总饮食的1％。结果表明，Lipo-EPA可通过下调乳清酸诱导的血清天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）的水平分别显着改善肝功能55.6％和34.2％（p<0.01）。此外，lipo-EPA对SREBP-1c和FAS的mRNA表达表现出优异的抑制作用，分别为0.454±0.09（p <0.01）和0.523±0.08（p <0.01），从而减轻了OA诱导的NAFLD。同时，lipo-EPA可以显着抑制SREBP-2和HMGR水平（分别为31.4％和66.7％，p分别<0.05）。此外，EPA-PL和脂质-DHA还可以通过增强肝脏脂解作用和胆固醇外排来显着抑制肝脏脂质积聚。此外，DHA-PL在抑制肝脏脂肪生成和加速胆固醇外流中起一定作用。这项工作获得的结果可能有助于理解EPA / DHA-PL和脂质体的生物活性，并进一步研究其在食品补充剂中的潜在应用价值。