Climate changes induced by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (mainly carbon dioxide) is one of the major threats of the modern era. Primary causes are the high reliance on fossil fuels for power generation, transportation, manufacturing and the intensive land usage (deforestation). The current share of renewable biofuel production in the overall fuel demand has been found insufficient to replace fossil fuels. Microalgae can deliver a sustainable and complementary biofuel platform with some important advantages. This review aims to offer a state-of-the art review of algal biomass conversion methods into various biofuel products, including biodiesel, syngas, biogas, bioethanol. Emerging more sustainable biofuel/bioenergy production technologies are highlighted. Attention is also paid to sustainable cultivation methods, including wastewater treatment and bioremediation to capture CO₂ and fix nitrogen and phosphorus, produced from industrial, agricultural and municipal sources. Finally, a light is shed on the important role of algae metabolic engineering.

人为温室气体排放（主要是二氧化碳）引起的气候变化是现代时代的主要威胁之一。主要原因是高度依赖化石燃料进行发电，运输，制造以及大量土地使用（毁林）。人们发现，目前可再生生物燃料生产在总燃料需求中所占的份额不足以替代化石燃料。微藻可以提供具有一些重要优势的可持续且互补的生物燃料平台。这篇综述旨在提供将藻类生物质转化为各种生物燃料产品的最新技术综述，包括生物柴油，合成气，沼气，生物乙醇。重点介绍了新兴的更具可持续性的生物燃料/生物能源生产技术。还应注意可持续的耕作方法，₂并固定氮，磷，这些氮和磷是由工业，农业和市政部门生产的。最后，阐明了藻类代谢工程的重要作用。