Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants, young children and the elderly. However, there is no licensed vaccine available against RSV infection. In this study, we generated virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine and investigated the vaccine efficacy in a mouse model. For VLP vaccines, tandem gene (1–780 bp) for V1 VLPs and tandem repeat gene (repeated 450–780 bp) for V5 VLPs were constructed in pFastBac^TM vectors, respectively. Influenza matrix protein 1 (M1) was used as a core protein in the VLPs. Notably, upon challenge infection, significantly lower virus loads were measured in the lung of mice immunized with V1 or V5 VLPs compared to those of naïve mice and formalin-inactivated RSV immunized control mice. In particular, V5 VLPs immunization showed significantly lower virus titers than V1 VLPs immunization. Furthermore, V5 VLPs immunization elicited increased memory B cells responses in the spleen. These results indicated that V5 VLP vaccine containing tandem repeat gene protein provided better protection than V1 VLPs with significantly decreased inflammation in the lungs. Thus, V5 VLPs could be a potential vaccine candidate against RSV.

呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是婴儿，幼儿和老年人下呼吸道疾病的主要原因。但是，没有针对RSV感染的许可疫苗。在这项研究中，我们生成了病毒样颗粒（VLP）疫苗，并在小鼠模型中研究了该疫苗的功效。对于VLP疫苗，在pFastBac ^TM中构建了V1 VLP的串联基因（1–780 bp）和V5 VLP的串联重复基因（重复450–780 bp）。向量。流感基质蛋白1（M1）被用作VLP中的核心蛋白。值得注意的是，在攻击感染后，与未感染小鼠和福尔马林灭活的RSV免疫对照小鼠相比，用V1或V5 VLP免疫的小鼠的肺部测得的病毒载量明显降低。特别是，V5 VLP免疫显示的病毒效价明显低于V1 VLP免疫。此外，V5 VLPs免疫引起脾脏中记忆B细胞应答增加。这些结果表明，含有串联重复基因蛋白的V5 VLP疫苗比V1 VLP具有更好的保护作用，并且肺部炎症明显减少。因此，V5 VLPs可能是针对RSV的潜在疫苗候选者。