To fabricate battery‐like supercapacitors with high power and energy densities, big capacitances, as well as long‐term capacitance retention, vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (CNFs) grown on boron doped diamond (BDD) films are employed as the capacitor electrodes. They possess large surface areas, high conductivity, high stability, and importantly are free of binder. The large surface areas result from their porous structures. The containment of graphene layers and copper metal catalysts inside CNFs leads to their high conductivity. Both electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) in inert solutions and pseudocapacitors (PCs) using Fe(CN)₆^3−/4− redox‐active electrolytes are constructed with three‐ and two‐electrode systems. The assembled two‐electrode symmetrical supercapacitor devices exhibit capacitances of 30 and 48 mF cm⁻² at 10 mV s⁻¹ for EDLC and PC devices, respectively. They remain constant even after 10 000 charging/discharging cycles. The power densities are 27.3 and 25.3 kW kg⁻¹ for EDLC and PC devices, together with their energy densities of 22.9 and 44.1 W h kg⁻¹, respectively. The performance of these devices is superior to most of the reported supercapacitors and batteries. Vertically aligned CNF/BDD hybrid films are thus useful to construct high‐performance battery‐like and industry‐orientated supercapacitors for future power devices.

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垂直排列的碳纳米纤维涂层金刚石制成的电池式超级电容器：设计和演示

为了制造具有高功率和能量密度，大电容以及长期电容保持能力的类似电池的超级电容器，采用在硼掺杂金刚石（BDD）薄膜上生长的垂直排列的碳纳米纤维（CNF）作为电容器电极。它们具有大的表面积，高的导电性，高的稳定性，并且重要的是不含粘合剂。大表面积是由它们的多孔结构引起的。CNF内部包含石墨烯层和铜金属催化剂会导致其高电导率。惰性溶液中的双电层电容器（EDLC）和使用Fe（CN）₆ ^{3− / 4-的}伪电容器（PC）氧化还原活性电解质由三电极系统和两电极系统构成。对于EDLC和PC器件，组装好的两电极对称超级电容器器件在10 mV s ^-1时的电容分别为30和48 mF cm ^-2。即使经过1万次充电/放电循环，它们也保持恒定。EDLC和PC设备的功率密度分别为27.3和25.3 kW kg ^-1，它们的能量密度分别为22.9和44.1 W h kg ^-1。这些设备的性能优于大多数报道的超级电容器和电池。因此，垂直排列的CNF / BDD混合膜可用于为未来的功率器件构建高性能的电池状和面向行业的超级电容器。