Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with controllable pore sizes are fabricated by a simple electrospinning method with the help of boron trioxide (B₂O₃), and their electrochemical properties as electrodes are investigated in aqueous electrolyte. The optimized result is obtained with a B₂O₃ concentration of 10 wt% in a spinning solution, offering a large specific surface area of 1065 m²/g with a mesopore volume fraction up to 35%, pore size range of 2–3 and 20–50 nm, and many heteroatoms. The CNF composite with 10 wt% B₂O₃ concentration (PMB-10) shows a high gravimetric capacitance of 126.31 F/g with a capacitance retention of 84%, and a high energy density of 12–18 W h/kg in the power density range of 400–10,000 W/kg. Thus, the porous structures and heteroatom contents of the PMB composites can be controlled by varying the B₂O₃ content as the pore expanding agent, as well as heteroatom generator, to optimize the electrochemical performance in an aqueous electrolyte.

借助三氧化硼（B ₂ O ₃），通过简单的静电纺丝方法制备了孔径可控的碳纳米纤维，并研究了它们在水电解质中作为电极的电化学性能。在纺丝溶液中B ₂ O ₃浓度为10 wt％时，可获得最佳结果，比表面积为1065 m ² / g，中孔体积分数高达35％，孔径范围为2-3和20–50 nm，以及许多杂原子。具有10 wt％B ₂ O ₃的CNF复合材料浓度（PMB-10）的重量重电容为126.31 F / g，电容保持率为84％，在400-10,000 W / kg的功率密度范围内，其能量密度为12-18 W h / kg。因此，可以通过改变作为扩孔剂的B ₂ O ₃含量以及杂原子产生剂来控制PMB复合材料的多孔结构和杂原子含量，以优化水性电解质中的电化学性能。