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Drift sand fields as a result of past and current deforestation in the Silesian‐Cracow Upland, Poland
Land Degradation & Development ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-02-08 , DOI: 10.1002/ldr.2888
Renata Dulias 1
Affiliation  

The Silesian‐Cracow Upland, due to the exceptionally large reserves of various natural resources, was under the influence of intense human activity throughout the last millennium. Economic development of the Upland began in the Middle Ages by mining and smelting of iron ore, silver, and lead; from the 18th to the 20th century, the area experienced intense exploitation of coal, zinc and lead ores, stowing sands, as well as dolomites and limestone. Mining and metallurgy have almost always been associated with deforestation. The sandy substrate devoid of vegetation was subjected to aeolian processes, resulting in numerous fields of drift sands. In this paper, based on the analysis of archival and contemporary cartographic materials, as well as historical and archaeological studies and field research, spatial distribution of drift sands was determined, its origin, the time of creation, and durability in the landscape. Research showed that drift sands appeared in the Middle Ages and its ‘desert’ character persisted for 200–300 years, often even for 400–500 years. In the second half of the 20th century, most of the former areas with drift sands were afforested. Currently, bare sands are found only on 2 areas in the Silesian‐Cracow Upland. As unique landscapes, they require special protection because of the biodiversity and geodiversity. Research confirmed that historical interpretations are a valuable source of information about the old landscapes. This knowledge can and should be used by local authorities, institutions, and societies to manage the space, respecting the traces of the settlement and the economic past.

中文翻译:

波兰西里西亚克拉科夫高地过去和当前森林砍伐造成的沙地漂移

西里西亚克拉科夫高地由于各种自然资源的异常丰富,在整个上个千年中一直受到人类活动的影响。高地的经济发展始于中世纪,开始于铁矿石,银和铅的开采和冶炼。从18世纪到20世纪,该地区经历了对煤炭,锌和铅矿石,积沙,白云岩和石灰石的大量开采。采矿和冶金几乎总是与森林砍伐有关。没有植被的沙质底物经历了风沙作用,形成了众多的流沙场。本文在分析档案资料和当代制图资料以及历史考古研究和野外研究的基础上,确定了流沙的空间分布,它的起源,创作时间和景观的持久性。研究表明,流沙出现在中世纪,其“沙漠”特征持续了200-300年,甚至持续了400-500年。在20世纪下半叶,大多数以前带有流沙的地区都进行了绿化。目前,仅在西里西亚克拉科夫高地的两个地区发现裸露的沙子。作为独特的景观,由于生物多样性和地理多样性,它们需要特殊的保护。研究证实,历史解释是有关旧景观的宝贵信息来源。地方当局,机构和社会可以并且应该使用这种知识来管理空间,同时要尊重定居点和经济过去的痕迹。研究表明,流沙出现在中世纪,其“沙漠”特征持续了200-300年,甚至持续了400-500年。在20世纪下半叶,大多数以前带有流沙的地区都进行了绿化。目前,仅在西里西亚克拉科夫高地的两个地区发现裸露的沙子。作为独特的景观,由于生物多样性和地理多样性,它们需要特殊的保护。研究证实,历史解释是有关旧景观的宝贵信息来源。地方当局,机构和社会可以并且应该使用这种知识来管理空间,同时要尊重定居点和经济过去的痕迹。研究表明,流沙出现在中世纪,其“沙漠”特征持续了200-300年,甚至持续了400-500年。在20世纪下半叶,大多数以前带有流沙的地区都进行了绿化。目前,仅在西里西亚克拉科夫高地的两个地区发现裸露的沙子。作为独特的景观,由于生物多样性和地理多样性,它们需要特殊的保护。研究证实,历史解释是有关旧景观的宝贵信息来源。地方当局,机构和社会可以并且应该使用这种知识来管理空间,同时要尊重定居点和经济过去的痕迹。在20世纪下半叶,大多数以前带有流沙的地区都进行了绿化。目前,仅在西里西亚克拉科夫高地的两个地区发现裸露的沙子。作为独特的景观,由于生物多样性和地理多样性,它们需要特殊的保护。研究证实,历史解释是有关旧景观的宝贵信息来源。地方当局,机构和社会可以并且应该使用这种知识来管理空间,同时要尊重定居点和经济过去的痕迹。在20世纪下半叶,大多数以前带有流沙的地区都进行了绿化。目前,仅在西里西亚克拉科夫高地的两个地区发现裸露的沙子。作为独特的景观,由于生物多样性和地理多样性,它们需要特殊的保护。研究证实,历史解释是有关旧景观的宝贵信息来源。地方当局,机构和社会可以并且应该使用这种知识来管理空间,同时要尊重定居点和经济过去的痕迹。研究证实,历史解释是有关旧景观的宝贵信息来源。地方当局,机构和社会可以并且应该使用这种知识来管理空间,同时要尊重定居点和经济过去的痕迹。研究证实,历史解释是有关旧景观的宝贵信息来源。地方当局,机构和社会可以并且应该使用这种知识来管理空间,同时要尊重定居点和经济过去的痕迹。
更新日期:2018-02-08
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