Abstract The aim of this paper is to offer an insight into a friction stir welding technique. The paper data indicate that the sheets to be welded can be completely penetrated by a tilting pin, while the kissing bond in the root of the weld would be entirely avoided. An equipment setup, consisting of a slide way, a pedestal, a stationary shoulder and a mounting platform, including two separate parts, has been developed. During the welding process, the tilting tool and the stationary shoulder moved synchronously in the welding direction. The 2219-T6 aluminum alloy sheets with the thickness of 5 mm were successfully friction stir welded by a tilting tool with a pin length of 6 mm. The microstructure and mechanical properties of joints were revealed. The kissing bond could be completely eliminated by stationary shoulder supporting and tilting pin penetrating friction stir welding (STFSW) and no other defects were induced. The stationary shoulder affected zone (SSAZ) consisting of fine equiaxed grains was a typical zone of a STFSW joint. A heuristic model was established to describe the material flow mechanism during the welding process. The tensile strength and associated elongation of the joint were 343 ± 3 MPa and 8.2% ± 0.2%, respectively.

中文翻译：

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固定式台肩支撑倾斜销穿透摩擦搅拌焊

摘要 本文的目的是提供对搅拌摩擦焊技术的深入了解。纸面数据表明，待焊接的板材可以被倾斜销完全穿透，而焊缝根部的接吻将完全避免。已经开发了一种设备设置，包括滑道、基座、固定台肩和安装平台，包括两个独立的部分。在焊接过程中，倾斜工具和固定肩沿焊接方向同步移动。厚度为5 mm的2219-T6铝合金板通过销钉长度为6 mm的倾斜工具成功搅拌摩擦焊。揭示了接头的微观结构和力学性能。固定肩部支撑和倾斜销穿透搅拌摩擦焊（STFSW）可以完全消除接吻键，并且不会引起其他缺陷。由细等轴晶粒组成的静止肩部影响区 (SSAZ) 是 STFSW 接头的典型区域。建立了一种启发式模型来描述焊接过程中的材料流动机制。接头的拉伸强度和相关伸长率分别为 343 ± 3 MPa 和 8.2% ± 0.2%。