Electrode architectures with large capacity and good stability are exceedingly desired but remain an intriguing challenge for energy storage applications such as on-chip integrated microbatteries, where there is a grand need for high-energy and high-power three-dimensional (3D) electrodes to replace the conventional planar electrodes. Here we report a highly efficient and durable lithium electrode based on 3D self-supported nanoporous tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅) film. The Ta₂O₅ film is prepared by electrochemically anodizing tantalum metal in ammonium fluoride electrolyte and subsequent thermal annealing at 450 °C in argon atmosphere, which does not crystallize the film but gives rise to significant amount of oxygen deficiency. The Ta₂O₅ film exhibits a high lithium capacity of ~ 480 mAh g⁻¹ and remarkable cycling stability over 8000 cycles at a rate of 5 C, which could be attributed to improved transport kinetics and structural integrity as a result of amorphous structure, oxygen deficiency, and nanoporous architecture.

极需要具有大容量和良好稳定性的电极架构，但对于诸如片上集成微型电池之类的能量存储应用而言，仍然是一个引人入胜的挑战，在该领域中，迫切需要高能量和高功率的三维（3D）电极来取代传统的平面电极。在这里，我们报告了一种基于3D自支撑纳米多孔五氧化钽（Ta ₂ O ₅）膜的高效耐用锂电极。通过在氟化铵电解质中对钽金属进行电化学阳极氧化，然后在氩气中于450°C的温度下进行热退火来制备Ta ₂ O ₅膜，这不会使膜结晶，但会导致大量的氧气不足。塔₂ O ₅薄膜具有约480 mAh g ^-1的高锂容量，并在5 C的速率下经过8000次循环具有出色的循环稳定性，这可归因于无定形结构，缺氧导致的运输动力学和结构完整性的改善，以及纳米多孔结构。