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Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Promising Antivirals
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-01 , DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700679
Vasily Morozov 1 , Grant Hansman 2 , Franz-Georg Hanisch 3 , Horst Schroten 1 , Clemens Kunz 4
Affiliation  

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are diverse unconjugated carbohydrates that are highly abundant in human breast milk. These glycans are investigated in the context of exhibiting multiple functions in infant growth and development. They seem to provide protection against infectious diseases, including a number of poorly manageable viral infections. Although the potential mechanism of the HMO antiviral protection is rather broad, much of the current experimental work has focused on studying of HMO antiadhesive properties. HMOs may mimic structures of viral receptors and block adherence to target cells, thus preventing infection. Still, the potential of HMOs as a source for new antiviral drugs is relatively unexploited. This can be partly attributed to the extreme complexity of the virus‐carbohydrate interactions and technical difficulties in HMO isolation, characterization, and manufacturing procedures. Fortunately, we are currently entering a period of major technological advances that have enabled deeper insights into carbohydrate mediated viral entry, rational selection of HMOs as anti‐entry inhibitors, and even evaluation of individual synthetic HMO structures. Here, we provide an up‐to‐date review on glycan binding studies for rotaviruses, noroviruses, influenza viruses, and human immunodeficiency viruses. We also discuss the preventive and therapeutic potential of HMOs as anti‐entry inhibitors and address challenges on the route from fundamental studies to clinical trials.

中文翻译:

人乳寡糖作为有希望的抗病毒药

人乳寡糖(HMO)是多种非共轭碳水化合物,在人母乳中含量很高。这些聚糖是在婴儿生长发育中表现出多种功能的背景下进行研究的。它们似乎提供了针对传染病的保护,包括许多难以控制的病毒感染。尽管HMO抗病毒保护的潜在机制相当广泛,但当前的许多实验工作都集中在研究HMO抗粘着特性上。HMO可能模仿病毒受体的结构并阻止对靶细胞的粘附,从而防止感染。但是,相对而言,HMOs作为新抗病毒药物来源的潜力尚未得到开发。这可以部分归因于病毒与碳水化合物相互作用的极端复杂性以及HMO分离,表征和制造程序中的技术难题。幸运的是,我们目前正进入一个重大技术进步时期,从而能够更深入地了解碳水化合物介导的病毒进入,合理选择HMO作为抗进入抑制剂,甚至评估单个合成HMO结构。在这里,我们提供了轮状病毒,诺如病毒,流感病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒的聚糖结合研究的最新综述。我们还讨论了HMO作为抗进入抑制剂的预防和治疗潜力,并探讨了从基础研究到临床试验的挑战。目前,我们正进入一个重大技术进步时期,这使人们对碳水化合物介导的病毒进入,对HMO作为抗进入抑制剂的合理选择以及甚至对单个合成HMO结构的评估有了更深入的了解。在这里,我们提供了轮状病毒,诺如病毒,流感病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒的聚糖结合研究的最新综述。我们还讨论了HMO作为抗进入抑制剂的预防和治疗潜力,并探讨了从基础研究到临床试验的挑战。我们目前正进入一个重大技术进步时期,这使人们对碳水化合物介导的病毒进入,对HMO作为抗进入抑制剂的合理选择以及甚至对单个合成HMO结构的评估有了更深入的了解。在这里,我们提供了轮状病毒,诺如病毒,流感病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒的聚糖结合研究的最新综述。我们还讨论了HMO作为抗进入抑制剂的预防和治疗潜力,并探讨了从基础研究到临床试验的挑战。我们提供了有关轮状病毒,诺如病毒,流感病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒的聚糖结合研究的最新评论。我们还讨论了HMO作为抗进入抑制剂的预防和治疗潜力,并探讨了从基础研究到临床试验的挑战。我们提供了有关轮状病毒,诺如病毒,流感病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒的聚糖结合研究的最新评论。我们还讨论了HMO作为抗进入抑制剂的预防和治疗潜力,并探讨了从基础研究到临床试验的挑战。
更新日期:2018-03-01
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