The past decade has seen a substantial increase in successful examples of the combination of chemo- and biocatalysis for multistep syntheses. This is driven by obvious advantages such as higher yields, decreased costs, environmental benefits and high selectivity. On the downside, efforts must be undertaken to combine the divergent reaction conditions, reagent tolerance and solvent systems of these ‘different worlds of catalysis’. Owing to progress in enzyme discovery and engineering, as well as in the development of milder and more compatible conditions for operating with various chemocatalysts, many historical limitations can already be overcome. This Review highlights the opportunities available in the chemical space of combined syntheses using prominent examples, but also discusses the current challenges and emerging solutions, keeping in mind the fast progress in transition metal-, organo-, photo-, electro-, hetero- and biocatalysis.

在过去的十年中，成功实现了化学催化与生物催化相结合以进行多步合成的成功案例的大幅增加。这是由明显的优势驱动的，例如更高的产量，降低的成本，环境效益和高选择性。不利的一面是，必须努力将这些“不同的催化世界”的不同反应条件，试剂耐受性和溶剂系统结合起来。由于酶的发现和工程技术的进步，以及开发与各种化学催化剂一起使用的温和且更相容的条件的进步，许多历史局限性已经可以克服。这篇评论通过突出的例子强调了合成化学领域的机会，同时也讨论了当前的挑战和新兴的解决方案，