Can Multielectron Intercalation Reactions Be the Basis of Next Generation Batteries?,Accounts of Chemical Research

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Can Multielectron Intercalation Reactions Be the Basis of Next Generation Batteries?
Accounts of Chemical Research ( IF 16.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-12 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00527
M. Stanley Whittingham ₁ , Carrie Siu ₁ , Jia Ding ₁

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Intercalation compounds form the basis of essentially all lithium rechargeable batteries. They exhibit a wide range of electronic and crystallographic structures. The former varies from metallic conductors to excellent insulators. The latter often have layer structures or have open tunnel structures that can act as the hosts for the intercalation of a wide range of metal cation and other guest species. They are fascinating materials with almost infinitely variable properties, with the crystal structure controlling the identity and the amount of the guest species that may be intercalated and subsequently removed. The electronic structure controls not only the degree of electron transfer to the host, but also defines the degree of the electrostatic interactions a mobile ion experiences; thus, a metallic host will provide a minimizing of those interactions, whereas in an ionic lattice the interactions will be much greater and the mobile ion will experience a much higher activation energy for motion. This becomes more important for multivalent cations such as Mg²⁺.

中文翻译：

多电子嵌入反应能否成为下一代电池的基础？

插层化合物构成了几乎所有可充电锂电池的基础。它们表现出广泛的电子和晶体学结构。前者从金属导体到优良的绝缘体不等。后者通常具有层状结构或具有开放的隧道结构，它们可以充当插入各种金属阳离子和其他客体物种的主体。它们是具有几乎无限可变特性的引人入胜的材料，其晶体结构控制着可嵌入并随后被除去的客体物种的身份和数量。电子结构不仅控制电子转移到主体的程度，而且还定义了移动离子所经历的静电相互作用的程度。因此，金属主体将使这些相互作用减至最小，而在离子晶格中，相互作用将更大，而移动离子将经历更高的运动活化能。对于Mg等多价阳离子而言，这一点变得尤为重要²⁺。

更新日期：2018-01-12

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