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The Discovery of Arthropod-Specific Viruses in Hematophagous Arthropods: An Open Door to Understanding the Mechanisms of Arbovirus and Arthropod Evolution?
Annual Review of Entomology ( IF 15.0 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-11 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043033
Charles H. Calisher 1 , Stephen Higgs 2
Affiliation  

The discovery of an odd virus from hematophagous arthropods 40 years ago by Stollar and Thomas described cell fusing agent virus in cells derived from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Then came the report of Kamiti River virus from Ae. macintoshi in 1999, followed by worldwide reports of the discovery of other viruses of mosquitoes, ticks, and midges that replicate only in arthropods and not in vertebrates or in vertebrate cells. These viruses (now totaling at least 64 published) have genomes analogous to viruses in various families that include arboviruses and nonarboviruses. It is likely that some of these viruses have been insufficiently studied and may yet be shown to infect vertebrates. However, there is no doubt that the vast majority are restricted to arthropods alone and that they represent a recently recognized clade. Their biology, modes of transmission, worldwide distribution (some have been detected in wild-caught mosquitoes in both Asia and the United States, for example), molecular characteristics of their genomes, and potential for becoming vertebrate pathogens, or at least serving as virus reservoirs, are fascinating and may provide evidence useful in understanding virus evolution. Because metagenomics studies of arthropods have shown that arthropod genomes are the sources of arthropod virus genomes, further studies may also provide insights into the evolution of arthropods. More recently, others have published excellent papers that briefly review discoveries of arthropod viruses and that characterize certain genomic peculiarities, but, to now, there have been no reviews that encompass all these facets. We therefore anticipate that this review is published at a time and in a manner that is helpful for both virologists and entomologists to make more sense and understanding of this recently recognized and obviously important virus group. This review focuses specifically on arthropod viruses in hematophagous arthropods.

中文翻译:


在食血节肢动物中发现节肢动物特异性病毒:了解虫媒病毒和节肢动物进化机制的门户?

Stollar和Thomas在40年前从食血节肢动物中发现了一种奇异病毒,描述了埃及伊蚊Aedes aegypti)蚊子细胞中的细胞融合剂病毒。然后是来自Ae的Kamiti河病毒的报告。Macintoshi在1999年,全球范围内又发现了仅在节肢动物中而不在脊椎动物或脊椎动物细胞中复制的其他蚊子,壁虱和mid病毒的报告。这些病毒(目前总共已发布至少64种)具有与包括虫媒病毒和非虫媒病毒在内的各种家族中的病毒类似的基因组。其中一些病毒可能尚未得到充分研究,可能已显示出感染脊椎动物。但是,毫无疑问,绝大多数只限于节肢动物,它们代表了最近被认可的进化枝。它们的生物学,传播方式,世界范围的分布(例如,在亚洲和美国的野生蚊子中都发现了一些),其基因组的分子特征以及成为脊椎动物病原体的潜力,或至少充当病毒库,这些都是令人着迷的,并可能提供有助于理解病毒进化的证据。由于节肢动物的宏基因组学研究表明节肢动物基因组是节肢动物病毒基因组的来源,因此进一步的研究也可能为节肢动物的进化提供见解。最近,其他人发表了出色的论文,简要回顾了节肢动物病毒的发现并描述了某些基因组特性,但是到目前为止,还没有任何综述涵盖所有这些方面。因此,我们希望这篇评论能够同时发表,并且有助于病毒学家和昆虫学家更加了解和理解这一最近被认可的,显然是重要的病毒群。

更新日期:2018-01-11
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