Annual Review of Entomology ( IF 15.0 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-11 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043145 Jon F. Harrison 1 , Kendra J. Greenlee 2 , Wilco C.E.P. Verberk 3
Insects can experience functional hypoxia, a situation in which O2 supply is inadequate to meet oxygen demand. Assessing when functional hypoxia occurs is complex, because responses are graded, age and tissue dependent, and compensatory. Here, we compare information gained from metabolomics and transcriptional approaches and by manipulation of the partial pressure of oxygen. Functional hypoxia produces graded damage, including damaged macromolecules and inflammation. Insects respond by compensatory physiological and morphological changes in the tracheal system, metabolic reorganization, and suppression of activity, feeding, and growth. There is evidence for functional hypoxia in eggs, near the end of juvenile instars, and during molting. Functional hypoxia is more likely in species with lower O2 availability or transport capacities and when O2 need is great. Functional hypoxia occurs normally during insect development and is a factor in mediating life-history trade-offs.
中文翻译：
昆虫的功能性缺氧：生理学，生态学和进化的定义，评估和后果。
昆虫会经历功能性缺氧，即O 2的供应不足以满足氧气需求的情况。评估何时发生功能性缺氧是很复杂的，因为反应是分级的，年龄和组织依赖性的，并且是代偿性的。在这里，我们比较了从代谢组学和转录方法以及通过控制氧分压获得的信息。功能性缺氧会产生分级损害，包括受损的大分子和炎症。昆虫通过气管系统的补偿性生理和形态变化，代谢重组以及对活性，摄食和生长的抑制来做出反应。有证据表明，在卵，幼龄期末和蜕皮过程中，卵有功能性缺氧。O 2含量较低的物种更有可能发生功能性缺氧可用性或运输能力，以及何时需要O 2很大。功能性缺氧通常发生在昆虫发育过程中，并且是介导生命历史权衡的一个因素。
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