For the first time, a ternary hybrid system composed of halloysite nanotubes, HNTs, cyclodextrin nanosponges, CDNS, and g-C₃N₄ is prepared and used for immobilization of Pd(0) nanoparticles and development of a heterogeneous catalyst, Pd@HNTs-CDNS-g-C₃N₄ for promoting ligand and copper-free Sonogashira and Heck coupling reactions in aqueous media. HNT as a porous tubular clay with outstanding thermal, mechanical and textural properties can act as a support for immobilizing Pd nanoparticles. The role of CDNS can be explained on the base of its capability to form inclusion complexe with substrates and bringing them in the vicinity of the catalytic active sites. Regarding the role of g-C₃N₄ in catalysis, it is proved that its presence can suppress the Pd leaching dramatically. The contribution of each component as well as synergistic effect between them results in high catalytic activity and recyclability (up to 10 reaction runs) of the catalyst.

首次制备了由埃洛石纳米管，HNT，环糊精纳米海绵，CDNS和gC ₃ N ₄组成的三元杂化体系，并将其用于固定Pd（0）纳米颗粒和开发非均相催化剂Pd @ HNTs-CDNS -gC ₃ N _4，用于促进水性介质中的配体和无铜Sonogashira和Heck偶联反应。HNT是具有出色的热，机械和质构性质的多孔管状粘土，可以用作固定Pd纳米粒子的载体。CDNS的作用可以基于其与底物形成包合物的能力并将其带到催化活性位点附近的能力来解释。关于gC ₃ N ₄的作用在催化作用中，已证明其存在可以显着抑制Pd的浸出。每种组分的贡献以及它们之间的协同作用导致催化剂的高催化活性和可回收性（最多10次反应）。