In a changing climate with a warming trend in air temperature, river water temperature increases as a result of heat exchange with the atmosphere. Moreover, of the different types of anthropogenic activity impacting rivers, the construction of dams appears to have multi-dimensional effects on the river environment, and it especially affects the thermal condition of rivers. The aim of the study is to identify and assess the impact of these two distinct sources of water temperature distortion in relation to the natural thermal conditions of rivers. In the study, linear trend analysis and a complex wavelet transform are used. The analysis focuses on daily river water temperature data for time periods before and after the construction of selected reservoirs in the Polish Carpathians, and on daily air temperature data for neighboring meteorological stations. Three rivers were selected for analysis: (1) Dunajec River, 22 km downstream of the Czorsztyn–Sromowce Wyżne reservoir complex, (2) Ropa River, 16 km downstream of the Klimkówka Reservoir, and (3) Wisłok River, 33 km downstream of the Besko Reservoir. Research has shown that the significant increasing trends identified for water temperature are weaker than analogous trends in air temperature. The Czorsztyn–Sromowce Wyżne and Klimkówka reservoirs appear to exert considerable influence on natural air–water temperature synchronization, because the phase difference increases 5-fold in comparison with conditions prior to the construction of the reservoirs. The weakening of the natural air–water temperature synchrony implies diminished impact of air temperature on stream water temperature. However, this creates an opportunity for preparing appropriate management practices mitigating an increasing temperature trend in order to shape more favorable (natural) thermal conditions for native aquatic biota in impounded rivers.

在气候变化且气温升高的情况下，由于与大气进行热交换，河水温度升高。此外，在影响河流的不同类型的人为活动中，水坝的建设似乎对河流环境具有多方面的影响，特别是影响河流的热状况。该研究的目的是确定和评估这两种不同的水温畸变源相对于河流自然热状况的影响。在研究中，使用了线性趋势分析和复杂的小波变换。分析着重于波兰喀尔巴阡山脉选定水库建设前后的每日河水温度数据，以及邻近气象站的每日气温数据。选择了三条河进行分析：（1）杜纳耶茨河（Dunajec River），22 Czorsztyn-SromowceWyżne水库综合设施的下游km，（2）罗帕河， Klimkówka水库下游的16 km，以及（3）Wisłok河，33 别斯科水库下游公里。研究表明，确定的水温显着上升趋势要弱于气温的类似趋势。Czorsztyn-SromowceWyżne和Klimkówka水库似乎对自然空气-水温同步产生了相当大的影响，因为与水库建设之前的条件相比，相差增加了5倍。自然的空气-水温同步性减弱意味着空气温度对溪流水温的影响减小。但是，这为准备适当的管理措施创造了机会，以缓解温度上升趋势，从而为蓄积河流中的原生水生生物群形成更有利的（自然）热条件。