Despite of the large array of available carbon nanotube (CNT) configurations that allow different industrial and scientific applications of these nanoparticles, their impacts on aquatic organisms, especially on invertebrate species, are still limited. To our knowledge, no information is available on how surface chemistry alteration (functionalization) of CNTs may impact the toxicity of these NPs to bivalve species after a chronic exposure. For this reason, the impacts induced by chronic exposure (28 days) to unfunctionalized MWCNTs (Nf-MWCNTs) in comparison with functionalized MWCNTs (f-MWCNTs), were evaluated in R. philippinarum, by measuring alterations induced in clams' oxidative status, neurotoxicity and metabolic capacity. The results obtained revealed that exposure to both MWCNT materials altered energy-related responses, with higher metabolic capacity and lower glycogen, protein and lipid concentrations in clams exposed to these CNTs. Moreover, R. philippinarum exposed to Nf-MWCNTs and f-MWCNTs showed oxidative stress expressed in higher lipid peroxidation and lower ratio between reduced and oxidized glutathione, despite the activation of defense mechanisms (superoxide-dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferases) in exposed clams. Additionally, neurotoxicity was observed by inhibition of Cholinesterases activity in organisms exposed to both MWCNTs.

尽管有大量可用的碳纳米管（CNT）配置允许这些纳米粒子在不同的工业和科学应用中使用，但它们对水生生物（尤其是无脊椎动物）的影响仍然有限。据我们所知，在长期暴露后，没有关于CNT的表面化学变化（功能化）如何影响这些NP对双壳类物种的毒性的信息。因此， 在菲律宾蛤中评估了与功能化的MWCNT（f-MWCNT）相比，长期暴露（28天）暴露于未官能化的MWCNTs（Nf-MWCNTs）所产生的影响。通过测量蛤类的氧化状态，神经毒性和代谢能力的变化来测量。获得的结果表明，暴露于两种MWCNT材料都改变了与能量有关的响应，从而使暴露于这些CNTs的蛤类具有更高的代谢能力和更低的糖原，蛋白质和脂质浓度。此外，尽管防御机制（超氧化物歧化酶，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶）被激活，暴露于Nf-MWCNTs和f-MWCNTs的菲律宾蛤显示氧化应激表现为较高的脂质过氧化和较低的还原型与氧化型谷胱甘肽之间的比率。在暴露的蛤s中。另外，通过在暴露于两种MWCNT的生物中抑制胆碱酯酶的活性，观察到了神经毒性。