Risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) cluster together and are termed the metabolic syndrome. Key factors driving the metabolic syndrome are inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance (IR), and obesity. IR is defined as the impairment of insulin to achieve its physiological effects, resulting in glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction in tissues such as muscle, fat, kidney, liver, and pancreatic β-cells. The potential of rooibos extract and its major C-glucosyl flavonoids, in particular aspalathin, a C-glucoside dihydrochalcone, as well as the phenolic precursor, Z-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid, to prevent the metabolic syndrome, will be highlighted. The mechanisms whereby these phenolic compounds elicit positive effects on inflammation, cellular oxidative stress and transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism will be discussed in terms of their potential in ameliorating features of the metabolic syndrome and the development of serious metabolic disease. An overview of the phenolic composition of rooibos and the changes during processing will provide relevant background on this herbal tea, while a discussion of the bioavailability of the major rooibos C-glucosyl flavonoids will give insight into a key aspect of the bioefficacy of rooibos.

中文翻译：

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如意宝，其主要的C-葡萄糖基类黄酮和Z -2-（β -D-吡喃葡萄糖基氧基）-3-苯基丙酸在预防代谢综合征中的潜力

2型糖尿病（T2D）和心血管疾病（CVD）的危险因素聚集在一起，被称为代谢综合症。导致代谢综合征的关键因素是炎症，氧化应激，胰岛素抵抗（IR）和肥胖。IR被定义为损害胰岛素以实现其生理作用，从而导致组织（例如肌肉，脂肪，肾脏，肝脏和胰腺β细胞）中的葡萄糖和脂质代谢功能异常。如意宝提取物及其主要的C-葡萄糖基类黄酮，特别是阿斯帕拉汀，C-葡萄糖苷二氢查耳酮以及酚类前体Z的潜力预防代谢综合征的-2-（β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基氧基）-3-苯基丙酸将被重点介绍。这些酚类化合物可改善代谢综合症的特征和发展严重的严重性方面，将讨论这些酚类化合物对炎症，调节细胞氧化应激和糖代谢相关基因表达的炎症，细胞氧化应激和转录因子产生积极影响的机制。代谢性疾病。路易波士茶的酚类成分和加工过程中的变化的概述将提供这方面的凉茶相关的背景，而主要路易波士的生物利用度的讨论ç -glucosyl黄酮会给洞察路易波士茶的生物功效的一个重要方面。