In this study, dissolution of pristine alkali lignin into ethylene glycol, followed by addition of different acidic conditions (HCl, H₂SO₄, and H₃PO₄ at different pH) has been considered as a simple method to prepare high yield lignin nanoparticles (LNP). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Zeta potential, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) have been utilized to determine the influence of the precipitation procedures on particle size, Zeta potential, molecular weight, and thermal stability of final obtained LNP. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were also considered to investigate the influence of lignin chemical structures and composition on its antioxidative and antimicrobial behaviors. Results from DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) activity revealed the antioxidant response of LNP aqueous solutions, whereas results from antimicrobial tests confirmed LNP as effective antibacterial agents against Gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (CFBP 1323) (Pst), Xanthomonas axonopodis pv vesicatoria (CFBP 3274) (Xav), and Xanthomonas arboricola pv pruni (CFBP 3894) (Xap) plant pathogen strains. The results confirmed how high efficient antioxidant and antimicrobial LNP could be considered as an easy methodology for plant pathogens control. LNPs penetrate the cell wall by its lysis and react with ROS species inducing oxidative stress, ATP depletion, and decrease in intracellular pH of plant bacteria.

中文翻译：

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酸分离高产木质素纳米颗粒作为创新的抗氧化剂/抗菌有机材料的评估。

在这项研究中，将原始碱性木质素溶解在乙二醇中，然后添加不同的酸性条件（HCl，H ₂ SO ₄和H ₃ PO ₄在不同的pH值下）被认为是制备高产率木质素纳米颗粒（LNP）的简单方法。场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM），Zeta电势，凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）和热重分析（TGA）已被用于确定沉淀程序对粒径，Zeta电势，分子量和热稳定性的影响。最终获得的LNP。还研究了傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和核磁共振（NMR），以研究木质素化学结构和组成对其抗氧化和抗微生物行为的影响。DPPH（1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl）活性的结果表明，LNP水溶液具有抗氧化作用，丁香假单胞菌PV番茄（CFBP 1323）（PST），黄单胞菌属axonopodis PV vesicatoria（CFBP 3274）（XAV），和黄单胞菌属树生PV pruni（CFBP 3894）（XAP）植物病原体菌株。结果证实了如何将高效抗氧化剂和抗菌LNP视为控制植物病原体的简便方法。LNP通过其裂解作用穿透细胞壁，并与ROS物种发生反应，从而诱导氧化应激，ATP耗竭并降低植物细菌的细胞内pH。