The recent success of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of multiple different cancers has markedly increased interest in their investigation as combination regimens, often in conjunction with established systemic and local therapies. Although the combination of immuno-oncology (IO) agents with molecularly targeted agents or radiotherapy offers the potential for synergistic antitumor immune responses, a valid concern is the increased risk of immune-mediated toxic effects. Furthermore, a critical quandary of immunotherapy treatment is that the treatment of immune-related toxic effects centers around steroid use, which may curtail a budding immune response.

免疫检查点抑制剂在治疗多​​种不同癌症方面的最新成功显着提高了人们对它们作为联合疗法的研究的兴趣，这些疗法通常与既定的全身和局部疗法结合使用。尽管免疫肿瘤学（IO）药物与分子靶向药物或放射疗法的结合提供了协同抗肿瘤免疫反应的潜力，但真正引起关注的是免疫介导的毒性作用的风险增加。此外，免疫疗法的一个关键难题是免疫相关毒性作用的治疗以类固醇的使用为中心，这可能会抑制正在萌芽的免疫反应。