Steam cracking of crude oil fractions gives rise to substantial amounts of a heavy liquid product referred to as pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO). To evaluate the potential use of PFO for production of value-added chemicals, a better understanding of the composition is needed. Therefore, two PFO’s derived from naphtha (N-PFO) and vacuum gas oil (V-PFO) were characterized using elemental analysis, SARA fractionation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) coupled to a flame ionization detector (FID) and time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). Both samples are highly aromatic, with molar hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) ratios lower than 1 and with significant content of compounds with solubility characteristics typical for asphaltenes and coke (i.e. n-hexane insolubles). The molar H/C ratio of V-PFO is lower than the one measured for N-PFO, as expected from the lower molar H/C ratio of the VGO. On the other hand, the content of n-hexane insolubles is lower in V-PFO compared to the one in N-PFO (i.e., 10.3 ± 0.2 wt % and 19.5 ± 0.5 wt %, respectively). This difference is attributed to the higher reaction temperature applied during naphtha steam cracking, which promotes the formation of poly aromatic cores and at the same time scission of aliphatic chains. The higher concentrations of purely aromatic molecules present in N-PFO is confirmed via NMR and GC × GC–FID/TOF-MS. The dominant chemical family in both samples are diaromatics, with a concentration of 28.6 ± 0.1 wt % and 27.8 ± 0.1 wt % for N-PFO and V-PFO, respectively. Therefore, extraction of valuable chemical industry precursors such as diaromatics and specifically naphthalene is considered as a potential valorization route. On the other hand, hydro-conversion is required to improve the quality of the PFO’s before exploiting them as a commercial fuel.

中文翻译：

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石脑油热裂解燃料油和减压瓦斯油的组成表征

原油馏分的蒸汽裂解会产生大量的重质液体产品，称为热解燃料油（PFO）。为了评估PFO在生产增值化学品中的潜在用途，需要对这种成分有更好的了解。因此，使用元素分析，SARA分馏，核磁共振（NMR）光谱和全面二维气相色谱（GC×GC）对来自石脑油（N-PFO）和真空瓦斯油（V-PFO）的两种PFO进行了表征。与火焰电离检测器（FID）和飞行时间质谱仪（TOF-MS）耦合。两种样品均为高度芳香族化合物，氢碳比（H / C）摩尔比低于1，并且含有大量的化合物，具有典型的沥青质和焦炭溶解度特征（即n-己烷不溶物）。V-PFO的H / C摩尔比低于N-PFO的H / C摩尔比，这是由VGO较低的H / C摩尔比所预期的。另一方面，n的内容与N-PFO中的一种相比，V-PFO中的己烷不溶物含量更低（即分别为10.3±0.2 wt％和19.5±0.5 wt％）。该差异归因于在石脑油蒸汽裂化过程中施加的较高反应温度，这促进了多芳族核的形成，同时促进了脂族链的断裂。通过NMR和GC×GC–FID / TOF-MS证实N-PFO中存在较高浓度的纯芳族分子。在两个样品中，主要的化学族均为芳族化合物，N-PFO和V-PFO的浓度分别为28.6±0.1 wt％和27.8±0.1 wt％。因此，提取有价值的化学工业前体，例如二芳族化合物，特别是萘，被认为是潜在的增值途径。另一方面，