Electromagnetic heating techniques have recently received significant attention as alternatives to conventional heating methods for thermal processing of viscous and heavy oils. One of the benefits of electromagnetic heating is that the electromagnetic field can penetrate the viscous oil and the rock matrix, allowing heating to take place a significant distance from the electromagnetic source. Opportunities exist for electromagnetic heating in overcoming the heat-transfer limitations within viscous oils and potentially as a down-hole or in situ heating technique to raise the temperature within a reservoir. The fundamental interaction of electromagnetic energy with viscous and heavy oils and their constituent components is poorly understood, and this study enhances the understanding of these interactions at microwave frequencies by establishing the effect of temperature on the dielectric properties of heavy oil and its SARA fractions. The dielectric properties of two heavy oils were studied at temperatures up to 300 °C and frequencies from 900 MHz to 3.0 GHz. The loss factor of both oils was found to increase significantly with temperature, which was linked to a corresponding reduction in viscosity. It is shown for the first time, contrary to previous assertions in the literature, that aromatics and resins are the main contributors toward dielectric loss in heavy oils, whereas saturates and asphaltenes were found to have a negligible influence on the loss factor of the oil. Thus, it will be seen that, at higher temperatures or where there is a high abundance of aromatics and resins, the oils are more susceptible to being heated directly with microwaves, opening up new opportunities for microwave processing of oils in refinery and field settings without the need for microwave-absorbing additives.

中文翻译：

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油成分对重油微波加热行为的影响

电磁加热技术最近作为粘性和重油热处理的常规加热方法的替代方法受到了广泛关注。电磁加热的好处之一是电磁场可以穿透粘性油和岩石基体，从而使加热发生在距电磁源很远的距离。存在电磁加热的机会，以克服粘性油内的传热限制，并有可能作为井下或原位加热技术来提高储层内的温度。人们对电磁能与粘性和重油及其组成成分之间的基本相互作用知之甚少，这项研究通过建立温度对重油及其SARA馏分的介电性能的影响，增强了对微波频率下这些相互作用的理解。在高达300°C的温度和900 MHz至3.0 GHz的频率下研究了两种重油的介电性能。发现两种油的损失因数随温度显着增加，这与粘度的相应降低有关。与文献先前的说法相反，这是首次表明芳族化合物和树脂是重油介电损耗的主要贡献者，而饱和油和沥青质对油的损耗因子的影响可忽略不计。因此，可以看出，在较高温度下或芳烃和树脂含量较高的地方，