Vacuum Calcination Induced Conversion of Selenium/Carbon Wires to Tubes for High‐Performance Sodium–Selenium Batteries,Advanced Functional Materials

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Vacuum Calcination Induced Conversion of Selenium/Carbon Wires to Tubes for High‐Performance Sodium–Selenium Batteries
Advanced Functional Materials ( IF 18.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-10 , DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201706609
Xuming Yang ₁ , Hongkang Wang ₂ , Denis Y. W. Yu ₃ , Andrey L. Rogach ₁

Affiliation

A vacuum calcination approach is developed to fabricate selenium/carbon composites, which does not require intensive mixing and durable heating such as in commonly used melt‐infusion methods of loading selenium into carbon hosts. Starting from carbon‐coated selenium wires prepared via a wet‐chemical reaction, selenium/carbon tubes are fabricated by a straightforward calcination process. The calcination is conducted in a confined space to reduce the insulating carbon shell under vacuum, and selenium melts but remains a constituting part of the composite. Paired with sodium metal anode, the resultant selenium/carbon tubes deliver a high reversible capacity of 601 and 509 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.2 and 2 C normalized by the mass of selenium, which corresponds to energy and power densities of 860 and 667 Wh kg⁻¹ at 193 and 1770 W kg⁻¹, respectively. Such capacity and rate performance surpasses most typical cathode materials for lithium or sodium (ion) batteries, according to the comparative literature analysis. Moreover, the robust tubular‐like hollow structure of the selenium/carbon composites ensures for impressive capacity retention of more than 90% after 1000 cycles at 20 C.

中文翻译：

真空煅烧诱导硒/碳丝向高性能钠-硒电池管的转化

开发了一种真空煅烧方法来制造硒/碳复合材料，这种方法不需要进行剧烈混合和持久加热，例如在将硒加载到碳主体中的常用熔融注入方法中。从通过湿化学反应制备的碳包覆硒线开始，硒/碳管是通过简单的煅烧过程制造的。煅烧在密闭空间中进行，以减少真空下的绝缘碳壳，硒熔化，但仍然是复合材料的组成部分。与钠金属阳极配对，所得的硒/碳管在0.2和2 C下以硒的质量归一化，可提供601和509 mA hg ^-1的高可逆容量，这对应于860和667 Wh kg的能量和功率密度^-1分别在193和1770 W kg ^-1下。根据比较文献分析，这种容量和倍率性能超过了用于锂或钠（离子）电池的最典型的正极材料。此外，硒/碳复合材料的坚固管状空心结构确保了在20 C下进行1000次循环后可实现90％以上的出色容量保持率。

更新日期：2018-01-10

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