The 2012 submarine eruption of Havre volcano in the Kermadec arc, New Zealand, is the largest deep-ocean eruption in history and one of very few recorded submarine eruptions involving rhyolite magma. It was recognized from a gigantic 400-km² pumice raft seen in satellite imagery, but the complexity of this event was concealed beneath the sea surface. Mapping, observations, and sampling by submersibles have provided an exceptionally high fidelity record of the seafloor products, which included lava sourced from 14 vents at water depths of 900 to 1220 m, and fragmental deposits including giant pumice clasts up to 9 m in diameter. Most (>75%) of the total erupted volume was partitioned into the pumice raft and transported far from the volcano. The geological record on submarine volcanic edifices in volcanic arcs does not faithfully archive eruption size or magma production.

中文翻译：

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上个世纪最大规模的深海硅质火山喷发。

2012年新西兰克马德克弧的哈弗尔火山海底喷发是历史上最大的深海喷发，也是有记录的极少数涉及流纹岩岩浆的海底喷发之一。它是从卫星图像中看到的一个长达 400 公里^{2 的}巨大浮石筏上识别出来的，但这一事件的复杂性被隐藏在海面之下。潜水器测绘、观测和采样提供了海底产物的极高保真度记录，其中包括源自水深 900 至 1220 m 的 14 个喷口的熔岩，以及包括直径达 9 m 的巨型浮石碎屑在内的碎片沉积物。总喷发量的大部分（>75%）被分配到浮石筏中并远离火山运输。火山弧中海底火山建筑物的地质记录并不能忠实地记录喷发规模或岩浆产量。