Nuts and dried fruits contain rich nutrients and are thus highly vulnerable to contamination with toxigenic fungi and aflatoxins because of poor weather, processing and storage conditions. Imaging and spectroscopic techniques have proven to be potential alternative tools to wet chemistry methods for efficient and non-destructive determination of contamination with fungi and toxins. Thus, this review provides an overview of the current developments and applications in frequently used food safety testing techniques, including near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS), conventional imaging techniques (colour imaging (CI) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI)), and fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging (FS/FI). Interesting classification and determination results can be found in both static and on/in-line real-time detection for contaminated nuts and dried fruits. Although these techniques offer many benefits over conventional methods, challenges remain in terms of heterogeneous distribution of toxins, background constituent interference, model robustness, detection limits, sorting efficiency, as well as instrument development.

坚果和干果含有丰富的营养成分，因此由于天气，加工和储存条件恶劣，极易受到产毒真菌和黄曲霉毒素的污染。事实证明，成像和光谱技术是湿化学方法的潜在替代工具，可有效，无损地确定真菌和毒素的污染。因此，本综述概述了常用食品安全测试技术的当前发展和应用，包括近红外光谱（NIRS），中红外光谱（MIRS），常规成像技术（彩色成像（CI）和高光谱成像（ HSI），以及荧光光谱和成像（FS / FI）。有趣的分类和确定结果可以在被污染的坚果和干果的静态和在线/在线实时检测中找到。尽管这些技术比常规方法具有许多优势，但在毒素的异质分布，背景成分干扰，模型鲁棒性，检测限，分选效率以及仪器开发方面仍然存在挑战。