Developing efficient Si-based anode materials for new-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has drawn extensive attention. Here, an electrosprayed Si/graphite/carbon (Si/G/C) composite is explored as a prominent anode material for LIBs. The designed Si/G/C composite possesses a reasonable structure with nano-Si encapsulated in the conductive graphite flake/amorphous carbon framework. The Si/G/C composite achieves superior reversible Li⁺ storage capability, showing a considerable discharge capacity of 832 mA h g⁻¹ at 200 mA g⁻¹. Moreover, it realizes an encouraging capacity of ca. 400 mA h g⁻¹ under a high current density of 500 mA g⁻¹ after 200 cycles. The excellent capacity and rate performance can be attributed to the structural benefits of the Si/G/C composite: (i) the highly conductive graphite flakes serve as good dispersive scaffolds and electronic conductors, allowing for fast charge transfer and favorable ion diffusion; (ii) the amorphous carbon layer acts as a protective coating to bind/fix nano-Si onto graphite and reduce the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film; and (iii) both the layered graphite and amorphous carbon layer introduce adequate buffer space or voids to alleviate the volume changes of Si during the Li⁺ insertion/extraction cycles. This high-capacitive and robust Si/graphite-based hybrid is attractive as an alternative anode material for practical rechargeable LIBs.

中文翻译：

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电喷雾合成封装在石墨/碳微板上的纳米硅，作为高性能锂离子电池的坚固阳极†

开发用于新一代锂离子电池（LIB）的高效硅基负极材料已引起广泛关注。在此，研究了电喷涂的Si /石墨/碳（Si / G / C）复合材料作为LIB的主要阳极材料。设计的Si / G / C复合材料具有合理的结构，纳米Si被封装在导电石墨薄片/非晶碳骨架中。Si / G / C复合材料具有出色的可逆Li ⁺储存能力，在200 mA g ^-1下显示出832 mA hg ^-1的可观放电容量。此外，它实现了约200的令人鼓舞的能力。400毫安汞柱^-1的500毫安g的高电流密度下^-1200个周期后。优异的容量和倍率性能可归因于Si / G / C复合材料的结构优势：（i）高导电性石墨鳞片可作为良好的分散支架和电子导体，从而实现快速电荷转移和有利的离子扩散；（ii）无定形碳层用作保护涂层，以将纳米Si结合/固定在石墨上，并减少不稳定的固体电解质界面（SEI）膜的形成；（iii）层状石墨层和无定形碳层均引入足够的缓冲空间或空隙以减轻Li ⁺插入/提取循环期间Si的体积变化。这种高电容且坚固耐用的基于Si /石墨的混合材料作为实用的可再充电LIB的替代阳极材料具有吸引力。