Stability enhancing ionic liquid hybrid electrolyte for NVP@C cathode based sodium batteries†,Sustainable Energy & Fuels

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Stability enhancing ionic liquid hybrid electrolyte for NVP@C cathode based sodium batteries†
Sustainable Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-10 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7se00537g
C. V. Manohar _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Anish Raj K _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Mega Kar _{6,

7,

8} , Maria Forsyth _{8,

9,

10,

11} , Douglas R. MacFarlane _{6,

7,

8} , Sagar Mitra _{1,

2,

3,

4}

Affiliation

Cost-efficient, high-voltage, stable sodium-based cathodes are needed to develop commercial-scale sodium batteries. In this work, a Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃/carbon (NVP@C) composite sodium cathode material is synthesized by a novel, facile, two-step, solid state method. This material delivered a discharge capacity of 115 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.5C rate with a conventional organic electrolyte. Improvements in stable cycling were found when NVP@C was paired with a “hybrid” electrolyte comprising a [50 : 50] v/v mixture of 1 M sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (NaFSI) in an organic electrolyte and an ionic liquid, N-methyl-N-propyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (C₃mpyrTFSI). Sodium batteries based on the NVP@C cathode retained 95% of their initial capacity after 100 cycles at 0.5C rate. We show that the hybrid electrolyte enhanced the electrochemical performance of the NVP@C cathode material by forming a stable SEI (solid-electrolyte interphase) layer on the surface. Electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to study the SEI layers on electrodes that had been subjected to 100 cycles with hybrid or conventional organic electrolytes. The hybrid electrolyte produced a less resistive, highly Na⁺ ion permeable SEI layer, explaining its superior sodium battery performance, compared to that found with the conventional organic electrolyte.

中文翻译：

用于NVP @ C阴极钠电池的增强稳定性的离子液体混合电解质†

开发商业规模的钠电池需要具有成本效益的，高压，稳定的钠基阴极。在这项工作中，Na ₃ V ₂（PO ₄）₃ /碳（NVP @ C）复合钠阴极材料是通过新颖，简便，两步的固态方法合成的。该材料利用常规有机电解质以0.5C的速率提供了115mA hg ^-1的放电容量。当NVP @ C与“混合”电解质配对时，发现改善了稳定的循环，该混合电解质包含[50:50] v / v的1 M双（氟磺酰基）酰胺钠（NaFSI）在有机电解质和离子液体中的混合物，N-甲基-N-丙基吡咯烷鎓双（三氟甲磺酰基）酰胺（C₃ mpyrTFSI）。基于NVP @ C阴极的钠电池在以0.5C的速率循环100次后仍保留其初始容量的95％。我们表明，杂化电解质通过在表面上形成稳定的SEI（固体电解质中间相）层来增强NVP @ C阴极材料的电化学性能。电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱用于研究已经用混合或常规有机电解质经过100次循环的电极上的SEI层。混合电解质产生的电阻较低，Na⁺离子可渗透性较高，因此与传统有机电解质相比，其钠电池性能优越。

更新日期：2018-01-10

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