Splicing and nuclear export of mRNA are critical steps in the gene expression pathway. While RNA processing factors can perform general, essential functions for intron removal and bulk export of mRNA, emerging evidence highlights that the core RNA splicing and export machineries also display regulatory potential. Here, we discuss recent insights into how this regulatory potential can selectively alter gene expression and regulate important biological processes. We also highlight the participation of RNA processing pathways in the cellular response to DNA damage at multiple levels. These findings have important implications for the contribution of selective mRNA processing and export to the development of human cancers and neurodegenerative disorders.

mRNA的剪接和核输出是基因表达途径中的关键步骤。尽管RNA加工因子可以执行内含子去除和mRNA大量输出的一般性，必不可少的功能，但新兴证据表明，核心RNA剪接和输出机制也显示出调节潜力。在这里，我们讨论了有关这种调节潜力如何能够选择性地改变基因表达和调节重要生物学过程的最新见解。我们还着重强调了RNA加工途径在细胞对DNA损伤的反应中的多个层面的参与。这些发现对选择性mRNA加工和输出对人类癌症和神经退行性疾病发展的贡献具有重要意义。